{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167414422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","title":"Low-Density Parity-Check Coded Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Receiver Based on Analog Probabilistic Processing","display_name":"Low-Density Parity-Check Coded Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Receiver Based on Analog Probabilistic Processing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167414422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","mag":"3167414422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067789926","display_name":"Xuhui Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-5312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhui Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-5312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674658","display_name":"Jianping An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-9711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631152","display_name":"Zhe Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academic of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academic of Electronics and Information Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051501314","display_name":"Xiangyuan Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-487X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyuan Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-487X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006316216","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86611451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"7","first_page":"6355","last_page":"6370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.7283246517181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6958160400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5485095977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5206776857376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4545331597328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.4156016707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3713788390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3549678921699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1011459231376648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.7283246517181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6958160400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5485095977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5206776857376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4545331597328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.4156016707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3713788390159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3549678921699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1011459231376648}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3084939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G111310164","display_name":"\u8d85\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u6a21\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2308221996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61620106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515850956","https://openalex.org/W1965940067","https://openalex.org/W1968809050","https://openalex.org/W2002281765","https://openalex.org/W2007283083","https://openalex.org/W2009324400","https://openalex.org/W2016957637","https://openalex.org/W2017896229","https://openalex.org/W2019439962","https://openalex.org/W2021354056","https://openalex.org/W2029838881","https://openalex.org/W2060169899","https://openalex.org/W2083406405","https://openalex.org/W2088719955","https://openalex.org/W2095975429","https://openalex.org/W2106233680","https://openalex.org/W2114924706","https://openalex.org/W2115116691","https://openalex.org/W2115434953","https://openalex.org/W2119992485","https://openalex.org/W2121510176","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2138358310","https://openalex.org/W2146638301","https://openalex.org/W2146694142","https://openalex.org/W2151139283","https://openalex.org/W2151607417","https://openalex.org/W2154951217","https://openalex.org/W2155465895","https://openalex.org/W2156663672","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2157033581","https://openalex.org/W2615846685","https://openalex.org/W2747629331","https://openalex.org/W2753909399","https://openalex.org/W2972917489","https://openalex.org/W3003430997","https://openalex.org/W6630901614","https://openalex.org/W6641696550","https://openalex.org/W6683217988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885795561","https://openalex.org/W4307680413","https://openalex.org/W2963817320","https://openalex.org/W2011305240","https://openalex.org/W2493667298","https://openalex.org/W2101147641","https://openalex.org/W3080746295","https://openalex.org/W2511191118","https://openalex.org/W2356695932","https://openalex.org/W2336199159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forward":[0],"error":[1],"correction":[2],"(FEC)":[3],"coding":[4],"is":[5,40,82,170,213,218],"an":[6,85,141],"indispensable":[7],"technique":[8],"in":[9],"the":[10,22,75,103,109,134,151,159,177,199,203,206,271],"direct":[11],"sequence":[12],"spread":[13],"spectrum":[14],"(DS-SS)":[15],"systems":[16],"for":[17,47,64,74,158,190,264],"satellite":[18],"communication":[19,65],"applications.":[20],"Both":[21],"FEC":[23,53],"and":[24,54,62,112,167,254],"DS-SS":[25,55,80],"can":[26,57,91,121,149,231],"be":[27,43,92,122],"regarded":[28,93],"as":[29,94],"specific":[30],"cases":[31],"of":[32,52,97,106,115,133,144,154,176,205,247,257,273],"probabilistic":[33,71],"computing":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36],"analog":[37,191,200],"circuits,":[38],"which":[39,148,230],"expected":[41],"to":[42,102,172,198],"a":[44,70,95,164,222,243],"promising":[45],"solution":[46],"power-limited":[48],"scenarios.":[49],"The":[50,215],"combination":[51],"techniques":[56],"provide":[58,173],"sufficient":[59],"link":[60],"margin":[61],"robustness":[63],"systems.":[66],"In":[67,131],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"receiver":[72,276],"chain":[73],"Low-Density":[76],"Parity-Check":[77],"(LDPC)":[78],"coded":[79],"system":[81],"proposed.":[83],"Generically,":[84],"<inline-formula":[86,116,178,207,224,237,249,259],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[87,117,179,208,225,238,250,260],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[88,118,180,209,226,239,251,261],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[89,119,181,210],"-sequence":[90,211],"codeword":[96],"cyclic":[98],"linear":[99],"codes.":[100],"Similar":[101],"decoding":[104,113,161,168],"procedure":[105],"LDPC":[107,160,201],"codes,":[108],"joint":[110,165],"detection":[111,166],"process":[114],"-sequences":[120],"performed":[123],"by":[124,156],"factor":[125],"graph-based":[126],"iterative":[127,135,145],"message-passing":[128],"algorithms":[129],"(iMPAs).":[130],"terms":[132],"signal":[136],"processing,":[137],"we":[138],"first":[139],"present":[140],"improved":[142],"approach":[143],"stopping":[146,184],"criterion":[147],"reduce":[150],"average":[152],"number":[153],"iteration":[155],"90%":[157],"approach.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"method":[169],"developed":[171],"quick":[174],"synchronization":[175],"-sequence.":[182],"Meanwhile,":[183],"criterion-based":[185],"iMPAs":[186],"are":[187],"especially":[188],"suitable":[189],"implementation":[192,204],"with":[193,242],"low":[194],"complexity.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"cascading":[197],"decoder,":[202],"detector":[212],"designed.":[214],"prototyping":[216],"chip":[217,245],"fully":[219],"integrated":[220],"into":[221],"0.35-":[223],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu\\text{m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[227],"CMOS":[228],"technology,":[229],"achieve":[232],"higher":[233],"throughput":[234],"than":[235],"3":[236],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\textbf":[240,252,262],"{Gcps}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[241],"core":[244,266],"area":[246],"2.79":[248],"{mm}}^2$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[253],"power":[255],"consumption":[256],"6.99":[258],"{mW}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[263],"its":[265],"circuit.":[267],"Experimental":[268],"results":[269],"demonstrate":[270],"effectiveness":[272],"our":[274],"proposed":[275],"mechanism.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
