{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162509564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","title":"Reconfigurable Holographic Surface: Holographic Beamforming for Metasurface-Aided Wireless Communications","display_name":"Reconfigurable Holographic Surface: Holographic Beamforming for Metasurface-Aided Wireless Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162509564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","mag":"3162509564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041344877","display_name":"Ruoqi Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-8452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoqi Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-8452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025572015","display_name":"Boya Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440579","display_name":"Hongliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078680165","display_name":"Yunhua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-7414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012574","display_name":"Lingyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-8241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":75.8549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99883525,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"6255","last_page":"6259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7235726118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5841884613037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5755653977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.5214262008666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.5049651265144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4734002351760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.45875099301338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.41355836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3094060719013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2235862910747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16903352737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10201960802078247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7235726118087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5841884613037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5755653977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.5214262008666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5049651265144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4734002351760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.45875099301338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.41355836391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3094060719013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2235862910747528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16903352737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10201960802078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3079465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1017353094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61829101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982833868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61911540076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7339862247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7711289246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8300213929","display_name":"\u8f66\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1764924767","https://openalex.org/W2312581893","https://openalex.org/W2511774633","https://openalex.org/W2749077920","https://openalex.org/W2960853638","https://openalex.org/W3013888436","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3036634962","https://openalex.org/W3082128362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308749380","https://openalex.org/W2783437851","https://openalex.org/W4249165909","https://openalex.org/W1672137312","https://openalex.org/W2037841693","https://openalex.org/W2372481764","https://openalex.org/W1650483958","https://openalex.org/W4240935863","https://openalex.org/W1977264433","https://openalex.org/W2056460098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77],"future":[1],"sixth":[2],"generation":[3],"(6G)":[4],"wireless":[5],"communications":[6],"look":[7],"forward":[8],"to":[9,37,109,112,119,138,171],"constructing":[10],"a":[11,33,104,151,160,167],"ubiquitous":[12],"intelligent":[13],"information":[14],"network":[15],"with":[16,44,150,155],"high":[17],"data":[18],"rates.":[19],"To":[20],"fulfill":[21],"such":[22],"challenging":[23],"visions,":[24],"the":[25,53,57,61,65,70,74,90,94,114,120,127,130,173,178,181],"reconfigurable":[26],"holographic":[27,75,98],"surface":[28],"(RHS)":[29],"is":[30],"developed":[31,111],"as":[32],"promising":[34],"solution":[35],"due":[36],"its":[38],"capability":[39],"of":[40,64,93,129,180],"accurate":[41],"multi-beam":[42],"steering":[43],"low":[45],"power":[46],"consumption":[47],"and":[48,165],"hardware":[49],"cost.":[50],"Different":[51],"from":[52,133],"conventional":[54],"phase-controlled":[55],"antennas,":[56],"RHS":[58],"can":[59,81],"control":[60],"radiation":[62,131],"amplitude":[63,123],"reference":[66],"wave":[67],"propagating":[68],"on":[69],"metasurface":[71],"by":[72],"leveraging":[73],"technique.":[76],"desired":[78],"object":[79],"waves":[80,132],"then":[82],"be":[83,110],"generated":[84],"without":[85],"complex":[86],"phase-shifting":[87],"circuits,":[88],"enabling":[89],"convenient":[91],"implementation":[92],"transceiver.":[95],"Such":[96],"amplitude-controlled":[97,169],"beamforming":[99,106],"triggers":[100],"new":[101,105],"challenges":[102],"since":[103],"scheme":[107],"needs":[108],"handle":[113],"complex-domain":[115],"optimization":[116],"problem":[117,164],"subject":[118],"unconventional":[121],"real-domain":[122],"constraints,":[124],"which":[125],"makes":[126],"superposition":[128],"different":[134],"antenna":[135],"elements":[136],"difficult":[137],"tackle.":[139],"In":[140],"this":[141],"letter,":[142],"we":[143],"consider":[144],"an":[145,156],"RHS-aided":[146],"multi-user":[147],"communication":[148],"system":[149],"base":[152],"station":[153],"equipped":[154],"RHS.":[157],"We":[158],"formulate":[159],"sum":[161],"rate":[162],"maximization":[163],"design":[166],"novel":[168],"algorithm":[170],"solve":[172],"problem.":[174],"Simulation":[175],"results":[176],"verify":[177],"effectiveness":[179],"proposed":[182],"scheme.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
