{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159174549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","title":"Towards an IEEE 802.11 Compliant System for Outdoor Vehicular Visible Light Communications","display_name":"Towards an IEEE 802.11 Compliant System for Outdoor Vehicular Visible Light Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159174549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","mag":"3159174549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102982807","display_name":"Muhammad Sohaib Amjad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-760X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sohaib Amjad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071041838","display_name":"Claas Tebruegge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-3940"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claas Tebruegge","raw_affiliation_strings":["HELLA GmbH and Co. KGaA, Lippstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HELLA GmbH and Co. KGaA, Lippstadt, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090203798","display_name":"Agon Memedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agon Memedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003994079","display_name":"Stephan Kruse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-4683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Kruse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068948437","display_name":"Christian Kress","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Kress","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042898125","display_name":"J. Christoph Scheytt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-6618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Christoph Scheytt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdof Institute and System and Circuit Technology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042212040","display_name":"Falko Dressler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-1750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falko Dressler","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102982807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93026065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"5749","last_page":"5761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.9241523742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.7501747608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dedicated-short-range-communications","display_name":"Dedicated short-range communications","score":0.6520025730133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.6385284662246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.612614095211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4641823172569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4595026671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4576309323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4223357141017914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3902271091938019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37532472610473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35104942321777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34186291694641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3155372142791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.26947465538978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.2228304147720337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.9241523742675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.7501747608184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53140260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182198","display_name":"Dedicated short-range communications","level":3,"score":0.6520025730133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.6385284662246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.612614095211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4641823172569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4595026671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4576309323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4223357141017914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3902271091938019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37532472610473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35104942321777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34186291694641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3155372142791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26947465538978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.2228304147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3075301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1472267176","https://openalex.org/W1967754176","https://openalex.org/W1984649364","https://openalex.org/W2020859417","https://openalex.org/W2060358508","https://openalex.org/W2075869689","https://openalex.org/W2081818927","https://openalex.org/W2096713743","https://openalex.org/W2100303002","https://openalex.org/W2157971657","https://openalex.org/W2295686851","https://openalex.org/W2317147446","https://openalex.org/W2619151842","https://openalex.org/W2754040117","https://openalex.org/W2772930693","https://openalex.org/W2782635198","https://openalex.org/W2786058298","https://openalex.org/W2793713112","https://openalex.org/W2804071591","https://openalex.org/W2913680138","https://openalex.org/W2913979959","https://openalex.org/W2941418241","https://openalex.org/W2942447024","https://openalex.org/W2954427138","https://openalex.org/W2959270163","https://openalex.org/W2989782033","https://openalex.org/W3009430266","https://openalex.org/W3096625689","https://openalex.org/W3199766720","https://openalex.org/W4235364725","https://openalex.org/W6697163077","https://openalex.org/W6801089005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251089492","https://openalex.org/W2886621694","https://openalex.org/W2127011572","https://openalex.org/W2993899695","https://openalex.org/W2540432762","https://openalex.org/W1622326982","https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W2086030743","https://openalex.org/W208897493","https://openalex.org/W4382050970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,41,66,71,82,136,178],"complementary":[2],"technology":[3],"to":[4,115,120,145,161,184],"existing":[5],"Radio":[6,54,64],"Frequency":[7],"(RF)-based":[8],"solutions":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,32,34],"Cellular":[12],"V2X":[13],"(C-V2X)":[14],"and":[15,81,107,140,147],"Dedicated":[16],"Short":[17],"Range":[18],"Communication":[19],"(DSRC),":[20],"Vehicular":[21],"VLC":[22],"(V-VLC)":[23],"is":[24,148],"gaining":[25],"more":[26],"attention":[27],"in":[28,35,100,104,173],"the":[29,36,62,76,92,97,117,163,187,192,195],"research":[30],"community":[31],"well":[33],"industry.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"introduces":[40],"complete":[42],"IEEE":[43,152],"802.11":[44],"compliant":[45,150],"V-VLC":[46],"system.":[47],"The":[48],"system":[49,128],"relies":[50],"on":[51],"Universal":[52],"Software":[53],"Peripheral":[55],"(USRP)":[56],"software":[57],"defined":[58],"radios":[59],"programmed":[60],"using":[61,169],"GNU":[63],"framework,":[65],"typical":[67],"car":[68,78],"headlight":[69],"plus":[70],"custom":[72],"driver":[73],"electronics":[74],"for":[75,91,181],"high-power":[77],"LEDs":[79],"(sender),":[80],"photodiode":[83],"(receiver).":[84],"Building":[85],"upon":[86],"our":[87,166],"earlier":[88],"work,":[89],"we,":[90],"first":[93],"time,":[94],"experimentally":[95],"explore":[96,162],"communication":[98],"performance":[99,164],"outdoor":[101],"scenarios,":[102],"even":[103,168],"broad":[105],"daylight,":[106],"show":[108],"that":[109],"rather":[110],"simple":[111],"optical":[112],"modifications":[113],"help":[114],"reduce":[116],"ambient":[118],"noise":[119],"enable":[121],"long":[122],"distance":[123],"visible":[124],"light":[125],"communication.":[126],"Our":[127,175],"also":[129],"supports":[130],"Orthogonal":[131],"Frequency-Division":[132],"Multiplexing":[133],"(OFDM)":[134],"with":[135,151,186],"variety":[137],"of":[138,159,165,191,194],"Modulation":[139],"Coding":[141],"Schemes":[142],"(MCS)":[143],"up":[144,183],"64-QAM":[146],"fully":[149],"802.11.":[153],"We":[154],"performed":[155],"an":[156],"extensive":[157],"series":[158],"experiments":[160],"system,":[167,189],"higher":[170],"order":[171],"MCS":[172],"daylight.":[174],"results":[176],"demonstrated":[177],"high":[179],"reliability":[180],"distances":[182],"75m":[185],"presented":[188],"regardless":[190],"time":[193],"day.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
