{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124677789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","title":"Polarization-Adjusted Convolutional (PAC) Codes: Sequential Decoding vs List Decoding","display_name":"Polarization-Adjusted Convolutional (PAC) Codes: Sequential Decoding vs List Decoding","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124677789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","mag":"3124677789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.06805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075287436","display_name":"Mohammad Rowshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-5655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rowshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059133771","display_name":"Andreas Burg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-5558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Burg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory (TCL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Circuits Laboratory (TCL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043667125","display_name":"Emanuele Viterbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5861-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Viterbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075287436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99055744,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"1434","last_page":"1447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8082995414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-decoding","display_name":"List decoding","score":0.7657209634780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.6878329515457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.6625500321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6246522665023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5853127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.5532705187797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-concatenated-convolutional-codes","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","score":0.5389336943626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.42703336477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3596634566783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.19592410326004028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8082995414733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.7657209634780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.6878329515457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.6625500321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6246522665023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5853127241134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.5532705187797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33529081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378194","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","level":5,"score":0.5389336943626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.42703336477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3596634566783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.19592410326004028}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3052550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.06805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06805","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.06805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:284884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/284884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/284884","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.06805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06805","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.06805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3617482846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARC DP160100528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58580312","https://openalex.org/W1500291003","https://openalex.org/W1981735015","https://openalex.org/W1989008275","https://openalex.org/W2022271272","https://openalex.org/W2045456583","https://openalex.org/W2071727855","https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2122507038","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2284321898","https://openalex.org/W2591327872","https://openalex.org/W2608866305","https://openalex.org/W2887598929","https://openalex.org/W2908007131","https://openalex.org/W2912637870","https://openalex.org/W2963275464","https://openalex.org/W2963285913","https://openalex.org/W2963389341","https://openalex.org/W2963449703","https://openalex.org/W2964261606","https://openalex.org/W2966034013","https://openalex.org/W2969835263","https://openalex.org/W2995572641","https://openalex.org/W3005545460","https://openalex.org/W3006629094","https://openalex.org/W3041503882","https://openalex.org/W4248877251","https://openalex.org/W4285665675","https://openalex.org/W4394657326","https://openalex.org/W6629907730","https://openalex.org/W6747755903","https://openalex.org/W6771326266","https://openalex.org/W6773777247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015101254","https://openalex.org/W2121305283","https://openalex.org/W2105454578","https://openalex.org/W2134727924","https://openalex.org/W2096820446","https://openalex.org/W2114921205","https://openalex.org/W2140393911","https://openalex.org/W99853930","https://openalex.org/W1504657239","https://openalex.org/W2010879611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41,79],"the":[1,5,26,76,82,106,140,151,154,186,206,223,228],"Shannon":[2],"lecture":[3],"at":[4],"2019":[6],"International":[7],"Symposium":[8],"on":[9],"Information":[10],"Theory":[11],"(ISIT),":[12],"Ar\u0131kan":[13],"proposed":[14],"to":[15,65,70,99,104,127,150,161,165,183],"employ":[16],"a":[17,22,44,58],"one-to-one":[18],"convolutional":[19,38],"transform":[20],"as":[21,51,191],"pre-coding":[23],"step":[24],"before":[25],"polar":[27,47,146],"transform.":[28],"The":[29],"resulting":[30],"codes":[31],"of":[32,46,75,108,111,130,142,153,198,240],"this":[33,42,80],"concatenation":[34],"are":[35,55,94,236],"called":[36],"polarization-adjusted":[37],"(PAC)":[39],"codes.":[40,102,147],"scheme,":[43],"pair":[45],"mapper":[48],"and":[49,85,91,133,209,220,243],"demapper":[50],"preand":[52],"postprocessing":[53],"devices":[54],"deployed":[56],"around":[57],"memoryless":[59],"channel,":[60],"which":[61],"provides":[62],"polarized":[63],"information":[64,225],"an":[66,117,192,201],"outer":[67,77],"decoder":[68],"leading":[69],"improved":[71],"error":[72,143,170],"correction":[73,171],"performance":[74,172],"code.":[78],"paper,":[81],"list":[83],"decoding":[84,87,90,110,156,197,229,234],"sequential":[86,109],"(including":[88],"Fano":[89,196],"stack":[92],"decoding)":[93],"first":[95],"adapted":[96],"for":[97,125,205],"use":[98],"decode":[100],"PAC":[101],"Then,":[103],"reduce":[105],"complexity":[107,158],"PAC/polar":[112,199],"codes,":[113,200],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"(i)":[116],"adaptive":[118],"heuristic":[119],"metric,":[120],"(ii)":[121],"tree":[122,135],"search":[123,136,188],"constraints":[124],"backtracking":[126,219],"avoid":[128],"exploration":[129],"unlikely":[131],"sub-paths,":[132],"(iii)":[134],"strategies":[137],"consistent":[138],"with":[139,163],"pattern":[141],"occurrence":[144],"in":[145,169,195,218,238],"These":[148],"contribute":[149],"reduction":[152],"average":[155],"time":[157],"from":[159],"50%":[160],"80%,trading":[162],"0.05":[164],"0.3":[166],"dB":[167],"degradation":[168],"within":[173],"FER":[174],"=":[175],"10":[176],"<sup":[177],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>":[179],"range,":[180],"respectively,":[181],"relative":[182],"not":[184],"applying":[185],"corresponding":[187],"strategies.":[189],"Additionally,":[190],"important":[193],"ingredient":[194],"efficient":[202],"computation":[203],"method":[204,215],"intermediate":[207,224],"LLRs":[208],"partial":[210],"sums":[211],"is":[212,216],"provided.":[213],"This":[214],"effective":[217],"avoids":[221],"storing":[222],"or":[226],"restarting":[227],"process.":[230],"Eventually,":[231],"all":[232],"three":[233],"algorithms":[235],"compared":[237],"terms":[239],"performance,":[241],"complexity,":[242],"resource":[244],"requirements.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
