{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117161702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","title":"A Blockchain Approach for Decentralized V2X (D-V2X)","display_name":"A Blockchain Approach for Decentralized V2X (D-V2X)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117161702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","mag":"3117161702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29924","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053752266","display_name":"Isaac Agudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-2300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Agudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060219912","display_name":"Manuel Montenegro-Gomez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Montenegro-Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641212","display_name":"Javier L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-9991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network, Information and Computer Security Lab, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053752266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9582939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"5","first_page":"4001","last_page":"4010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6189549565315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6186901926994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5064245462417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4968264400959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.479924738407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.46988892555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4352011978626251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.41680338978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33436548709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2044278085231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.18082726001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17907819151878357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6189549565315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6186901926994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5064245462417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4968264400959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.479924738407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.46988892555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4352011978626251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.41680338978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33436548709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2044278085231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.18082726001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17907819151878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/29924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"AM"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:14744486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2020.3046640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(5), 4001 - 4010, (2021-05)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/29924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"AM"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G47388051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-110565RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6046885691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P18-TP-3724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326754","funder_display_name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326754","display_name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/01jem9c82"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1844512392","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2031118516","https://openalex.org/W2037107113","https://openalex.org/W2040292704","https://openalex.org/W2050067204","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2078872626","https://openalex.org/W2082891385","https://openalex.org/W2092422002","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2140733653","https://openalex.org/W2185130301","https://openalex.org/W2394766470","https://openalex.org/W2482127302","https://openalex.org/W2499630651","https://openalex.org/W2514290474","https://openalex.org/W2520401385","https://openalex.org/W2566758857","https://openalex.org/W2587684182","https://openalex.org/W2605897802","https://openalex.org/W2617994934","https://openalex.org/W2618825752","https://openalex.org/W2741706115","https://openalex.org/W2747302402","https://openalex.org/W2750584562","https://openalex.org/W2787634488","https://openalex.org/W2792045232","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2801074608","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2804880183","https://openalex.org/W2810012679","https://openalex.org/W2810734406","https://openalex.org/W2885734057","https://openalex.org/W2887024656","https://openalex.org/W2888779032","https://openalex.org/W2890569001","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2899104296","https://openalex.org/W2911810074","https://openalex.org/W2918843809","https://openalex.org/W2922340612","https://openalex.org/W2922361312","https://openalex.org/W2955356875","https://openalex.org/W2962297958","https://openalex.org/W2964167407","https://openalex.org/W2965361756","https://openalex.org/W2987601097","https://openalex.org/W2991148272","https://openalex.org/W2998285959","https://openalex.org/W3003326230","https://openalex.org/W3004386562","https://openalex.org/W3006140890","https://openalex.org/W3006655855","https://openalex.org/W3016194986","https://openalex.org/W3016409148","https://openalex.org/W3042127374","https://openalex.org/W3099830199","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W6680744948","https://openalex.org/W6941291223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"mobility":[1],"paradigms":[2],"have":[3,37,61],"appeared":[4],"in":[5,46,116],"recent":[6],"years,":[7],"and":[8,30,52,73,140,153,215,237],"everything":[9],"suggests":[10],"that":[11,108,208,242],"some":[12],"more":[13],"are":[14,147,177],"coming.":[15],"This":[16],"fact":[17],"makes":[18],"apparent":[19],"the":[20,24,27,31,40,85,89,101,113,117,159,162,167],"necessity":[21],"of":[22,57,77,84,92,103,136,149,172,221,234,248],"modernizing":[23],"road":[25],"infrastructure,":[26],"signalling":[28],"elements":[29],"traffic":[32],"management":[33],"systems.":[34],"Many":[35],"initiatives":[36],"emerged":[38],"around":[39],"term":[41],"Intelligent":[42],"Transport":[43],"System":[44],"(ITS)":[45],"order":[47],"to":[48],"define":[49,227],"new":[50,180],"scenarios":[51],"requirements":[53],"for":[54,66,88,183,194,204,245],"this":[55,198],"kind":[56],"applications.":[58,174],"We":[59,225],"even":[60],"two":[62,154],"main":[63,86],"competing":[64],"technologies":[65,94,176],"implementing":[67],"Vehicular":[68],"communication":[69,156,223],"protocols":[70],"(V2X),":[71],"C-V2X":[72],"802.11p,":[74],"but":[75,120,158],"neither":[76],"them":[78],"is":[79,95,165],"widely":[80],"deployed":[81],"yet.":[82],"One":[83],"barriers":[87],"massive":[90,246],"adoption":[91,247],"those":[93],"governance.":[96,196],"Current":[97],"solutions":[98],"rely":[99],"on":[100,219,232],"use":[102,150],"a":[104,144,179,191,228,235],"public":[105],"key":[106],"infrastructure":[107,127],"enables":[109],"secure":[110,239],"collaboration":[111],"between":[112,131,138],"different":[114],"entities":[115],"V2X":[118,206],"ecosystem,":[119],"given":[121],"its":[122],"global":[123],"scope,":[124],"managing":[125],"such":[126],"requires":[128],"reaching":[129],"agreements":[130],"many":[132],"parties,":[133],"with":[134],"conflicts":[135],"interest":[137],"automakers":[139],"telecommunication":[141],"operators.":[142],"As":[143],"result,":[145],"there":[146],"plenty":[148],"cases":[151],"available":[152],"mature":[155],"technologies,":[157],"complexity":[160],"at":[161],"business":[163],"layer":[164],"stopping":[166],"drivers":[168],"from":[169],"taking":[170],"advantage":[171],"ITS":[173],"Blockchain":[175],"defining":[178],"decentralized":[181,195,205],"paradigm":[182],"most":[184],"traditional":[185],"applications,":[186],"where":[187],"smart":[188],"contracts":[189],"provide":[190],"straightforward":[192],"mechanism":[193],"In":[197],"work,":[199],"we":[200],"propose":[201],"an":[202],"approach":[203],"(D-V2X)":[207],"does":[209],"not":[210],"require":[211],"any":[212,222],"trusted":[213],"authority":[214],"can":[216],"be":[217],"implemented":[218],"top":[220,233],"protocol.":[224],"also":[226],"proof-of-concept":[229],"technical":[230],"architecture":[231],"cheap":[236],"highly":[238],"System-on-Chip":[240],"(SoC)":[241],"could":[243],"allow":[244],"D-V2X.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}