{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116175550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","title":"Cyber Physical Energy Optimization Control Design for PHEVs Based on Enhanced Firework Algorithm","display_name":"Cyber Physical Energy Optimization Control Design for PHEVs Based on Enhanced Firework Algorithm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3116175550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","mag":"3116175550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058738211","display_name":"Weida Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weida Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028508096","display_name":"Kaijia Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026976275","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-0752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-0752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775772","display_name":"Bin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-3074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-3074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005133704","display_name":"Mingyue Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-1618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyue Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Road Traffic Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Public of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Road Traffic Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Public of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87988894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"282","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4895528256893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4800720810890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.47692129015922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46179720759391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4271929860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.4194732904434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4111134111881256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4108968675136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.40322673320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.39988237619400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.316051721572876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4895528256893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4800720810890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.47692129015922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46179720759391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4271929860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.4194732904434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4111134111881256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4108968675136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.40322673320770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.39988237619400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.316051721572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3046520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G128182909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1764257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622587358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500403771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1949318025","https://openalex.org/W1969801327","https://openalex.org/W2009726079","https://openalex.org/W2029490915","https://openalex.org/W2119781256","https://openalex.org/W2146176185","https://openalex.org/W2148881573","https://openalex.org/W2236204240","https://openalex.org/W2407321757","https://openalex.org/W2466636338","https://openalex.org/W2515170416","https://openalex.org/W2586226881","https://openalex.org/W2591130697","https://openalex.org/W2616591444","https://openalex.org/W2732465829","https://openalex.org/W2752306854","https://openalex.org/W2769912520","https://openalex.org/W2774461983","https://openalex.org/W2781664748","https://openalex.org/W2791274732","https://openalex.org/W2792454748","https://openalex.org/W2802349281","https://openalex.org/W2809822040","https://openalex.org/W2901472231","https://openalex.org/W2918206979","https://openalex.org/W2920406591","https://openalex.org/W2935913115","https://openalex.org/W2990932612","https://openalex.org/W2996110925","https://openalex.org/W2998529051","https://openalex.org/W3011057519","https://openalex.org/W6689886838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749199243","https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2133545517","https://openalex.org/W2352231626","https://openalex.org/W2964681094","https://openalex.org/W2577786578","https://openalex.org/W2896932934","https://openalex.org/W1984852161","https://openalex.org/W2782741053","https://openalex.org/W1996876120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"management":[1],"strategy":[2],"(EMS)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,129,193,212],"vital":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,48,201,211],"improving":[9],"the":[10,35,74,90,107,149,159,205,220,226,241,253,258],"fuel":[11,61,242],"economy":[12,243],"of":[13,21,37,86,92,109,120,158,162,167,174,187,223,228,244],"plug-in":[14],"hybrid":[15],"electric":[16,152],"vehicle":[17],"(PHEV).":[18],"By":[19],"virtue":[20],"excellent":[22,60,206],"real-time":[23],"performance,":[24],"deterministic":[25],"rule-based":[26,255],"(DRB)":[27],"method":[28],"is":[29,80,142,181,199,216,231],"widely":[30],"introduced":[31,200],"into":[32],"EMS":[33,230],"for":[34,56,83,136,148,197,219],"control":[36,134,141],"actual":[38],"PHEV.":[39],"However,":[40],"fixed":[41],"parameters":[42,68,119,186,207],"are":[43],"usually":[44],"used":[45],"as":[46,95],"thresholds":[47],"traditional":[49],"DBR":[50],"control,":[51],"which":[52,215],"makes":[53,204],"it":[54,239],"difficult":[55],"PHEV":[57,245],"to":[58,70,106,117,144,156,170,184],"achieve":[59],"economy.":[62],"To":[63],"solve":[64],"this":[65,87,126],"problem,":[66],"relevant":[67],"need":[69],"be":[71,209],"optimized,":[72],"but":[73],"resulting":[75],"time-consuming":[76],"and":[77,100,151,164,233,248,264],"complex":[78,221],"process":[79],"an":[81,115,176],"obstacle":[82],"practical":[84],"application":[85],"scheme.":[88],"Nowadays,":[89],"emergence":[91],"technologies,":[93],"such":[94],"wireless":[96],"communication,":[97],"remote":[98],"monitoring":[99],"so":[101],"on,":[102],"has":[103],"gave":[104],"birth":[105],"concept":[108],"cyber-physical":[110],"system":[111],"(CPS).":[112],"It":[113,203],"provides":[114],"opportunity":[116],"optimize":[118,185],"DRB":[121,140],"EMS.":[122,224],"Motivated":[123],"by":[124,246],"this,":[125],"paper":[127],"proposes":[128],"cyber":[130],"physical":[131],"energy":[132],"optimization":[133,222],"design":[135],"PHEVs.":[137],"Among":[138],"them,":[139],"designed":[143],"allocate":[145],"power":[146,166],"tasks":[147],"engine":[150],"motor":[153],"(EM),":[154],"according":[155],"state":[157],"charge":[160],"(SOC)":[161],"battery":[163],"demand":[165],"vehicle.":[168],"Moreover,":[169],"further":[171],"improve":[172],"performance":[173],"EMS,":[175,256],"enhanced":[177],"firework":[178],"algorithm":[179],"(EFWA)":[180],"firstly":[182],"proposed":[183,229],"controller.":[188],"Compared":[189],"with":[190],"original":[191],"algorithm,":[192],"novel":[194],"selection":[195],"mechanism":[196],"non-CF":[198],"EFWA.":[202],"could":[208],"obtained":[210],"shorter":[213],"time,":[214],"more":[217],"suitable":[218],"Finally,":[225],"effectiveness":[227],"verified":[232],"evaluated.":[234],"The":[235],"results":[236],"show":[237],"that":[238,251],"improves":[240],"10%":[247],"12%":[249],"over":[250],"using":[252],"unoptimized":[254],"under":[257],"China":[259],"typical":[260],"urban":[261],"driving":[262,266],"cycle":[263],"real-world":[265],"cycle,":[267],"respectively.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}