{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049088677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","title":"Secret Key Generation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Communication Networks","display_name":"Secret Key Generation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Communication Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049088677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","mag":"3049088677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zijie Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-3380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijie Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-3380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phee Lep Yeoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deyou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-561X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-561X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gaojie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaojie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-9674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-9674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zunwen He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zunwen He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-4855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104233","display_name":"China Electronics Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vsv8c52","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yonghui li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97160831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"1030","last_page":"1034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.7006999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-shared-key","display_name":"Pre-shared key","score":0.34360000491142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.7006999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5953999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50230483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2108226","display_name":"Pre-shared key","level":5,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184660509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462624","display_name":"Shared secret","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101901036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269096","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3045728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.06304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06304","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.06304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06304","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4522923412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2038902920","https://openalex.org/W2122988249","https://openalex.org/W2124431228","https://openalex.org/W2294142022","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2981994442","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2999944054","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3087782700"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"and":[2,65,70,76],"analyze":[3,71],"secret":[4,25,56,99],"key":[5,26,57,100],"generation":[6,101],"using":[7],"intelligent":[8],"reflecting":[9,51],"surface":[10],"(IRS)":[11],"assisted":[12],"wireless":[13,107],"communication":[14],"networks.":[15],"To":[16,61],"this":[17],"end,":[18],"we":[19,43,68],"first":[20],"formulate":[21],"the":[22,37,49,55,84,98],"minimum":[23],"achievable":[24],"capacity":[27,58,102],"for":[28,48,83,103],"an":[29,45],"IRS":[30,50],"acting":[31],"as":[32],"a":[33,63,72,104],"passive":[34],"beamformer":[35],"in":[36],"presence":[38],"of":[39,106],"multiple":[40],"eavesdroppers.":[41],"Next,":[42],"develop":[44],"optimization":[46],"framework":[47],"coefficients":[52],"based":[53,81],"on":[54],"lower":[59],"bound.":[60],"derive":[62],"tractable":[64],"efficient":[66],"solution,":[67],"design":[69],"semidefinite":[73],"relaxation":[74],"(SDR)":[75],"successive":[77],"convex":[78],"approximation":[79],"(SCA)":[80],"algorithm":[82,94],"proposed":[85],"optimization.":[86],"Simulation":[87],"results":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"employing":[91],"our":[92],"IRS-based":[93],"can":[95],"significantly":[96],"improve":[97],"wide-range":[105],"channel":[108],"parameters.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-08-21T00:00:00"}