{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112503563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","title":"Accurate Image-Based Pedestrian Detection With Privacy Preservation","display_name":"Accurate Image-Based Pedestrian Detection With Privacy Preservation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112503563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","mag":"3112503563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048390686","display_name":"Haomiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haomiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764003","display_name":"Qixian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-6925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033931001","display_name":"Jianbing Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbing Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325334","display_name":"Hongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048390686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82188195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"14494","last_page":"14509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7368605732917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.727547287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6739572286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6599695086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5454391837120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5404312610626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5402000546455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5231966972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48251840472221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4775593876838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46381136775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4636934995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.4439980387687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37607136368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3092452883720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1594546139240265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13309863209724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09210026264190674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7368605732917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.727547287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6739572286605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6599695086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5454391837120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5404312610626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5402000546455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5231966972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48251840472221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4775593876838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46381136775016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4636934995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.4439980387687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37607136368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3092452883720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1594546139240265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13309863209724426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09210026264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3043203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7205029471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490653284","https://openalex.org/W1494049356","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1571926107","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1911490359","https://openalex.org/W1976101156","https://openalex.org/W1982306593","https://openalex.org/W2015682181","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2047200271","https://openalex.org/W2056402417","https://openalex.org/W2064297027","https://openalex.org/W2097324787","https://openalex.org/W2110379134","https://openalex.org/W2137733632","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164641162","https://openalex.org/W2253171278","https://openalex.org/W2285334798","https://openalex.org/W2398092817","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2528301908","https://openalex.org/W2540189640","https://openalex.org/W2567333176","https://openalex.org/W2589575667","https://openalex.org/W2608295741","https://openalex.org/W2732000054","https://openalex.org/W2754237067","https://openalex.org/W2768610172","https://openalex.org/W2775506705","https://openalex.org/W2790502427","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2798794112","https://openalex.org/W2800439477","https://openalex.org/W2886865072","https://openalex.org/W2889495307","https://openalex.org/W2895865029","https://openalex.org/W2911553799","https://openalex.org/W2911912007","https://openalex.org/W2913880216","https://openalex.org/W2925709178","https://openalex.org/W2953030092","https://openalex.org/W2963315052","https://openalex.org/W2963685970","https://openalex.org/W2963998989","https://openalex.org/W2986305485","https://openalex.org/W3004348324","https://openalex.org/W3012333974","https://openalex.org/W6634182471","https://openalex.org/W6674662834","https://openalex.org/W6683984541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W1976827262","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,40,141],"this":[1,41],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"an":[5,74],"accurate":[6],"pedestrian":[7,16,61,92,118,150,162,175],"detection":[8,93,151,176],"scheme":[9],"with":[10,177,184],"privacy":[11,144],"preservation":[12],"(PPPD)":[13],"based":[14,95],"on":[15,96],"images.":[17,62],"By":[18],"utilizing":[19],"the":[20,37,43,48,59,66,97,107,111,114,127,134,143,146,185],"vector":[21,45,99],"homomorphic":[22],"encryption":[23],"(VHE),":[24],"private":[25],"linear-transforming":[26],"matrices":[27],"are":[28,120,158],"ingeniously":[29],"designed":[30],"to":[31,65,80,123,126],"enable":[32],"arbitrary":[33],"permutation":[34],"operations":[35],"for":[36,130],"encrypted":[38,60,67,75,83,108],"vectors.":[39],"way,":[42],"feature":[44],"extraction":[46],"of":[47,50,117,145,174],"histogram":[49],"oriented":[51],"gradient":[52],"(HOG)":[53],"can":[54,102,137,152,170],"be":[55,103,124,138,154],"efficiently":[56],"performed":[57],"over":[58,106,160],"Furthermore,":[63],"due":[64],"inner":[68],"product":[69],"calculations":[70],"supported":[71,98],"by":[72],"VHE,":[73],"kernel":[76],"matrix":[77],"is":[78,166],"constructed":[79],"generate":[81],"multiple":[82,161],"kernels":[84],"(i.e.,":[85],"linear,":[86],"polynomial,":[87],"and":[88,164,180],"Gaussian":[89],"kernels).":[90],"The":[91],"model":[94],"machine":[100],"(SVM)":[101],"securely":[104],"trained":[105],"kernels.":[109],"With":[110],"proposed":[112],"scheme,":[113],"extracted":[115],"features":[116],"images":[119],"not":[121],"necessary":[122],"returned":[125],"image":[128],"owner":[129],"decryption,":[131],"such":[132],"that":[133,168],"communication":[135,181],"costs":[136],"significantly":[139],"reduced.":[140],"addition,":[142],"whole":[147],"process":[148],"in":[149],"also":[153],"guaranteed.":[155],"Extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"conducted":[159],"datasets,":[163],"it":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"PPPD":[169],"achieve":[171],"high":[172],"accuracy":[173],"lower":[178],"computation":[179],"overhead":[182],"compared":[183],"existing":[186],"schemes.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}