{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107792054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","title":"DEFT: Decentralized Multiuser Computation Offloading in a Fog-Enabled IoV Environment","display_name":"DEFT: Decentralized Multiuser Computation Offloading in a Fog-Enabled IoV Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107792054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","mag":"3107792054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050825417","display_name":"Pallav Kumar Deb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-9046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pallav Kumar Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002518093","display_name":"Chandana Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-9271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandana Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064908609","display_name":"Arijit Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-9797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arijit Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032787307","display_name":"Sudip Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-6414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050825417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88584329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"15978","last_page":"15987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8878880739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7859126925468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.7205528020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.6328365206718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5900343060493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5507277250289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.5244020223617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5067928433418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5028016567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.44586387276649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42048919200897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategy","display_name":"Strategy","score":0.419423371553421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3872070908546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34825801849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2956138253211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22904515266418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.19833576679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12579655647277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1073698103427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.10679256916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08660277724266052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8878880739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7859126925468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.7205528020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.6328365206718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5900343060493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5507277250289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.5244020223617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5067928433418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5028016567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.44586387276649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42048919200897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88959737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546627","display_name":"Strategy","level":3,"score":0.419423371553421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3872070908546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34825801849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2956138253211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22904515266418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19833576679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12579655647277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1073698103427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.10679256916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08660277724266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3039514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35636098","https://openalex.org/W1985090408","https://openalex.org/W2080346852","https://openalex.org/W2098827804","https://openalex.org/W2156538189","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2320242814","https://openalex.org/W2338583091","https://openalex.org/W2540850665","https://openalex.org/W2581511846","https://openalex.org/W2748166927","https://openalex.org/W2748896792","https://openalex.org/W2768501204","https://openalex.org/W2787523326","https://openalex.org/W2820531506","https://openalex.org/W2901152868","https://openalex.org/W2909267459","https://openalex.org/W2913196913","https://openalex.org/W2948674973","https://openalex.org/W2963198024","https://openalex.org/W3015399756","https://openalex.org/W3122087971","https://openalex.org/W6674752426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W2920581164","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W4315864507","https://openalex.org/W4309428690","https://openalex.org/W3200145713","https://openalex.org/W2733656312","https://openalex.org/W4285198284","https://openalex.org/W3134378165","https://openalex.org/W3045907565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85,193],"this":[1,71],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,154,175],"propose":[4],"a":[5,39,62,66,82,125],"mechanism":[6],"-":[7],"DEFT-":[8],"to":[9,22,31,76,111,129,189,215],"facilitate":[10],"mobile":[11],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,98,147,196],"Vehicles":[14],"(IoV)":[15],"user":[16,135],"entities":[17],"(UEs)":[18],"with":[19],"unit":[20],"tasks":[21,30],"cooperate":[23],"among":[24,133],"one":[25],"another":[26],"and":[27,41,106,136,160,182,185,199],"offload":[28],"their":[29,78,99,103],"nearby":[32],"fog":[33,137,208],"nodes":[34],"(FNs)/roadside":[35],"units":[36],"(RSUs)":[37],"in":[38,61,81,150,206],"decentralized":[40],"fair":[42],"manner.":[43],"While":[44],"existing":[45,191],"literature":[46],"depends":[47],"on":[48,52,102,116],"offloading":[49,60,132],"schemes":[50],"based":[51,101,115],"centralized":[53],"systems,":[54],"DEFT":[55,178],"provides":[56],"near":[57],"real-time":[58],"computation":[59,104,205,218],"fog-enabled":[63],"IoV":[64],"using":[65],"two-level":[67],"game-theoretic":[68],"approach.":[69],"Further,":[70,114],"approach":[72],"allows":[73],"the":[74,86,96,109,112,117,121,131,134,148,163,168,180,190,194,202,207,216],"UEs":[75,123],"make":[77],"own":[79],"decisions":[80],"dynamic":[83],"environment.":[84],"first":[87],"level,":[88],"FNs":[89],"play":[90,124],"an":[91,151],"Oligopoly":[92],"game":[93,128,165],"for":[94,204],"determining":[95],"price":[97,110,118],"services":[100],"capability":[105],"then":[107],"broadcast":[108],"UEs.":[113],"transmitted":[119],"by":[120,212],"FNs,":[122],"non-cooperative":[126],"Stackelberg":[127],"map":[130],"layer.":[138],"We":[139],"also":[140],"ensure":[141],"that":[142,162,177],"no":[143],"UE":[144],"consumes":[145],"all":[146],"resources":[149],"FN.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"prove":[155],"our":[156],"objective":[157],"function's":[158],"convexity":[159],"show":[161],"proposed":[164],"always":[166],"attains":[167],"Nash":[169],"Equilibrium.":[170],"Through":[171],"extensive":[172],"real-world":[173],"emulations,":[174],"observe":[176],"minimizes":[179],"latency":[181],"power":[183],"consumption,":[184],"improves":[186],"throughput":[187],"compared":[188,214],"schemes.":[192],"presence":[195],"40,":[197],"80,":[198],"120":[200],"UEs,":[201],"overhead":[203],"layer":[209],"is":[210],"minimized":[211],"70-75%":[213],"local":[217],"overhead.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}