{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972182953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","title":"Energy-Saving Deployment Algorithms of UAV Swarm for Sustainable Wireless Coverage","display_name":"Energy-Saving Deployment Algorithms of UAV Swarm for Sustainable Wireless Coverage","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972182953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","mag":"2972182953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11221","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174442536","display_name":"South Central Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d7sax13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, South-Central University for Nationalities and Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Management of Manufacturing Enterprises, Wuhan, China","City Univ. of Hong Kong#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-5181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, South-Central University for Nationalities and Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Management of Manufacturing Enterprises, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City Univ. of Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007119869","display_name":"Lingjie Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-6507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjie Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Systems and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-6507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Systems and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94509661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"10320","last_page":"10335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7218935489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.653264045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5502991676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5112719535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.4988987445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4487919211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.44613200426101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.43592965602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34249746799468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34238341450691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20644748210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1786857545375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13985270261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11158418655395508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7218935489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.653264045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5502991676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5112719535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4988987445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4487919211387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.44613200426101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.43592965602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34249746799468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34238341450691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20644748210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1786857545375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13985270261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11158418655395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3004855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.11221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11221","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2972182953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11221.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.11221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.11221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.11221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11221","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.11221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4723305082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982083811","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2033994630","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2341380473","https://openalex.org/W2477887513","https://openalex.org/W2752434311","https://openalex.org/W2761340423","https://openalex.org/W2763569175","https://openalex.org/W2767105570","https://openalex.org/W2771137816","https://openalex.org/W2773610946","https://openalex.org/W2783122018","https://openalex.org/W2795378725","https://openalex.org/W2803834024","https://openalex.org/W2804580808","https://openalex.org/W2804885371","https://openalex.org/W2805063029","https://openalex.org/W2814261812","https://openalex.org/W2893850302","https://openalex.org/W2903682059","https://openalex.org/W2905403343","https://openalex.org/W2917157993","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2962937451","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963435939","https://openalex.org/W2963697941","https://openalex.org/W2964018918","https://openalex.org/W2964302654","https://openalex.org/W2964310887","https://openalex.org/W6689334447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037515790","https://openalex.org/W2783122018","https://openalex.org/W3165055278","https://openalex.org/W3115306007","https://openalex.org/W3037591882","https://openalex.org/W2945047506","https://openalex.org/W2981489383","https://openalex.org/W3001491569","https://openalex.org/W3201607315","https://openalex.org/W3197392985","https://openalex.org/W3196942301","https://openalex.org/W3024792096","https://openalex.org/W3199217445","https://openalex.org/W3003472414","https://openalex.org/W2921828113","https://openalex.org/W2939416052","https://openalex.org/W2967004037","https://openalex.org/W3175938105","https://openalex.org/W3172086257","https://openalex.org/W2888897933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"witnessed":[3],"increasingly":[4],"more":[5],"uses":[6],"of":[7,42,68,195,211],"Unmanned":[8],"Aerial":[9],"Vehicle":[10],"(UAV)":[11],"swarms":[12],"for":[13,51],"rapidly":[14],"providing":[15],"wireless":[16,30,59,102],"coverage":[17,103],"to":[18,39,79,199,215,236],"ground":[19,159],"users.":[20],"Each":[21],"UAV":[22,70,123,131,140],"is":[23,104,185],"constrained":[24],"in":[25,129,164,187],"its":[26,54,107],"energy":[27,36,50,84,127,173],"storage":[28,85,128],"and":[29,32,57,72,76,110,142,160,205,245],"coverage,":[31],"it":[33],"consumes":[34],"most":[35],"on":[37,157],"flying":[38,155],"the":[40,43,65,73,81,88,113,130,139,158,165,201,218,238,243],"top":[41],"target":[44],"area,":[45],"thus":[46],"leaving":[47],"limited":[48],"leftover":[49,83],"hovering":[52],"at":[53],"deployed":[55,135],"position":[56],"keeping":[58],"coverage.":[60],"The":[61],"literature":[62],"largely":[63],"overlooks":[64],"sustainability":[66],"issues":[67],"deploying":[69],"swarm":[71,132],"UAV-to-UAV":[74],"cooperation,":[75],"we":[77,143,181,197,231],"aim":[78],"maximize":[80],"minimum":[82],"among":[86],"all":[87],"UAVs":[89,169],"after":[90],"their":[91],"deployment.":[92],"Our":[93],"new":[94],"energy-saving":[95],"deployment":[96,148],"problem":[97,184],"captures":[98],"that":[99,121],"each":[100],"UAV's":[101],"adjustable":[105],"by":[106,150,189,224,241],"service":[108,162],"altitude,":[109],"also":[111],"takes":[112],"no-fly-zone":[114],"(NFZ)":[115],"constraint":[116],"into":[117],"account.":[118],"We":[119],"show":[120],"a":[122,233],"with":[124,170,220],"larger":[125],"initial":[126,172,179],"should":[133],"be":[134],"further":[136],"away":[137],"from":[138,177,191],"station,":[141],"propose":[144,198],"an":[145,208],"optimal":[146],"energysaving":[147],"algorithm":[149,210,235],"jointly":[151],"balancing":[152,242],"heterogeneous":[153],"UAVs'":[154,202],"distances":[156],"final":[161],"altitudes":[163],"sky.":[166],"When":[167],"n":[168,213],"different":[171,178],"storages":[174],"are":[175],"dispatched":[176],"locations,":[180],"prove":[182],"this":[183,225],"NP-hard":[186],"general":[188,239],"reduction":[190],"partition":[192],"problem.":[193],"Despite":[194],"this,":[196],"preserve":[200],"location":[203],"order":[204],"successfully":[206],"design":[207],"approximation":[209],"complexity":[212,247],"log1/g":[214],"arbitrarily":[216],"approach":[217],"optimum":[219],"error":[221],"e.":[222],"Inspiring":[223],"proposed":[226],"(1":[227],"-":[228],"\u03b5)-approximation":[229],"algorithm,":[230],"present":[232],"heuristic":[234],"solve":[237],"case":[240],"efficiency":[244],"computation":[246],"well.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}