{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021839057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","title":"Designing Multi-Mode Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using the Hierarchical Topological Graph Theory","display_name":"Designing Multi-Mode Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using the Hierarchical Topological Graph Theory","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021839057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","mag":"3021839057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058053176","display_name":"Huanxin Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huanxin Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaosong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-4183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102895681","display_name":"Yalian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056009561","display_name":"Huei Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-1696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huei Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-1696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037027582","display_name":"Lin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-8629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077446544","display_name":"Xianke Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-248X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianke Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automotive, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-248X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058053176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84744503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"7159","last_page":"7171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.5219156742095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4940996468067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4840787947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4637020230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44211870431900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.43910226225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/towing","display_name":"Towing","score":0.4360727071762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.42171812057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39179855585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3781583309173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3685113191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.23051336407661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.20459741353988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11641332507133484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.5219156742095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4940996468067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4840787947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4637020230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44211870431900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.43910226225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23927387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332030","display_name":"Towing","level":2,"score":0.4360727071762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.42171812057495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39179855585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3781583309173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3685113191604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.23051336407661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.20459741353988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11641332507133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2993019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1086251342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106112016CDJXZ338825","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1193633165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106112016CDJZR335521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2569194513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51875054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7303253990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51575064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8519979313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106112017CDJQJ33 8811","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493561691","https://openalex.org/W1510576955","https://openalex.org/W1524503808","https://openalex.org/W1937036877","https://openalex.org/W1939298845","https://openalex.org/W1968209099","https://openalex.org/W1972160577","https://openalex.org/W2007648508","https://openalex.org/W2064197890","https://openalex.org/W2068638199","https://openalex.org/W2126470775","https://openalex.org/W2139163913","https://openalex.org/W2232858874","https://openalex.org/W2240087734","https://openalex.org/W2317200209","https://openalex.org/W2330761921","https://openalex.org/W2397333534","https://openalex.org/W2401029567","https://openalex.org/W2407319315","https://openalex.org/W2411016416","https://openalex.org/W2414147764","https://openalex.org/W2736929156","https://openalex.org/W2789040420","https://openalex.org/W2789757436","https://openalex.org/W2794118090","https://openalex.org/W2794337602","https://openalex.org/W2795915209","https://openalex.org/W2898483287","https://openalex.org/W2903763416","https://openalex.org/W2969340946","https://openalex.org/W6756800036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360510466","https://openalex.org/W2766867697","https://openalex.org/W2109769812","https://openalex.org/W2164776125","https://openalex.org/W2953137217","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2136582587","https://openalex.org/W2137409234","https://openalex.org/W2063991943","https://openalex.org/W2162365590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"split":[1],"hybrid":[2,101],"electric":[3],"vehicles":[4],"(PS-HEVs)":[5],"dominate":[6],"the":[7,59,69,100,105,114,120,128,163,178],"US":[8],"and":[9,19,30,46,111,140,183],"Japanese":[10],"HEV":[11],"market":[12],"because":[13],"of":[14,95,116],"their":[15,135,152],"superior":[16],"fuel":[17,47,153],"economy":[18,154],"drivability.":[20],"In":[21,119],"recent":[22],"years,":[23],"multi-mode":[24,84,106],"PS-HEVs":[25,39],"are":[26,51,125,181],"offered":[27],"by":[28,53],"Toyota":[29],"GM.":[31],"With":[32],"multiple":[33],"modes,":[34,110],"it":[35],"is":[36,78,148],"possible":[37],"for":[38],"to":[40,80,133,150],"have":[41],"both":[42],"good":[43],"launching/towing":[44],"performance":[45,115,121,137],"economy.":[48],"Multiple":[49],"modes":[50],"achieved":[52],"adding":[54],"clutches":[55],"or":[56],"brakes.":[57],"However,":[58],"corresponding":[60],"design":[61,70,82,117,174],"space":[62],"can":[63],"be":[64,167],"quite":[65],"large.":[66],"To":[67],"expedite":[68],"process,":[71,123],"a":[72,83,142,156],"hierarchical":[73],"topological":[74],"graph":[75],"theory":[76],"approach":[77,147],"developed":[79],"systematically":[81],"PS-HEV":[85],"with":[86,108],"two":[87],"planetary":[88],"gear":[89],"sets":[90],"(PGSs).":[91],"The":[92],"process":[93,175],"consists":[94],"three":[96],"steps:":[97],"1)":[98],"model":[99],"powertrain,":[102],"2)":[103],"generate":[104],"designs":[107,124,180],"specific":[109,157],"3)":[112],"evaluate":[113,134],"candidates.":[118],"screening":[122,164],"examined":[126],"using":[127],"dynamic":[129,144],"programming":[130,145],"(DP)":[131],"algorithm":[132],"acceleration":[136],"(0-100":[138],"km/h);":[139],"then":[141,166],"rapid":[143],"(Rapid-DP)":[146],"used":[149],"compute":[151],"under":[155],"driving":[158],"cycle.":[159],"Designs":[160],"that":[161,177],"pass":[162],"will":[165],"retained":[168],"as":[169],"final":[170],"vehicle":[171],"designs.":[172],"This":[173],"ensures":[176],"best":[179],"found":[182],"used.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}