{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023861377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","title":"On the Performance Analysis of Higher Order QAM Schemes Over Mixed RF/FSO Systems","display_name":"On the Performance Analysis of Higher Order QAM Schemes Over Mixed RF/FSO Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023861377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","mag":"3023861377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028180746","display_name":"Praveen Kumar Singya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Kumar Singya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-3525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068162594","display_name":"Nagendra Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187761245","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur","ror":"https://ror.org/01sebzx27","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187761245"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagendra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-308X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187761245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050580025","display_name":"Vimal Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92402834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"7366","last_page":"7378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.7740527391433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6891037821769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6538382768630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6126338243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.5029441714286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.461384117603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4513612389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44406935572624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.35318461060523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29249900579452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2236233353614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1468167006969452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.0912255048751831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.7740527391433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6891037821769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6538382768630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6126338243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.5029441714286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.461384117603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4513612389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44406935572624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.35318461060523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29249900579452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2236233353614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1468167006969452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0912255048751831}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/662685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483997329","https://openalex.org/W1552850510","https://openalex.org/W1968918251","https://openalex.org/W1993045988","https://openalex.org/W2012298338","https://openalex.org/W2026845644","https://openalex.org/W2028222341","https://openalex.org/W2029238825","https://openalex.org/W2047621499","https://openalex.org/W2060169347","https://openalex.org/W2088939426","https://openalex.org/W2091147915","https://openalex.org/W2111046638","https://openalex.org/W2112277396","https://openalex.org/W2112544308","https://openalex.org/W2128830419","https://openalex.org/W2143802392","https://openalex.org/W2147797859","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2243041688","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2331688265","https://openalex.org/W2344547323","https://openalex.org/W2514367933","https://openalex.org/W2610496367","https://openalex.org/W2749570040","https://openalex.org/W2757412305","https://openalex.org/W2760752055","https://openalex.org/W2760934367","https://openalex.org/W2769252680","https://openalex.org/W2771310223","https://openalex.org/W2801179766","https://openalex.org/W2887860413","https://openalex.org/W2901155658","https://openalex.org/W2944285896","https://openalex.org/W2953761555","https://openalex.org/W2965872306","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3123545179","https://openalex.org/W4244201348","https://openalex.org/W4300223101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2781120465","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W3026565890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97],"this":[1,98],"work,":[2],"the":[3,44,49,55,65,72,81,94,177,192,197],"performance":[4],"of":[5,102,112,162,170,179],"a":[6,166],"dual-hop":[7],"variable":[8,25],"gain":[9,26],"amplify-and-forward":[10],"(AF)":[11],"mixed":[12],"radio":[13],"frequency":[14],"(RF)/free":[15],"space":[16],"optics":[17],"(FSO)":[18],"system":[19,193],"is":[20,30,52,62,69,128,174],"analyzed":[21],"in":[22,35,110,160],"details.":[23],"As":[24],"AF":[27],"relay":[28],"network":[29],"considered,":[31],"processing":[32],"delay":[33],"results":[34,199],"outdated":[36,184],"channel":[37],"state":[38],"information":[39],"(CSI)":[40],"during":[41],"amplification":[42],"at":[43,93],"relay.":[45],"For":[46,121],"general":[47],"applicability,":[48],"RF":[50],"link":[51,61],"modeled":[53,63],"with":[54,64,71,84],"generalized":[56,117,136],"Nakagami-m":[57,187],"fading.":[58],"The":[59],"FSO":[60,95],"Gamma-Gamma":[66],"distribution":[67,133],"which":[68],"affected":[70],"atmospheric":[73,182],"turbulence":[74],"and":[75,79,88,105,115,155,176,186],"pointing":[76,180],"error":[77,139],"impairments,":[78],"both":[80],"intensity":[82],"modulation":[83,146,172],"direct":[85],"detection":[86,90],"(IM/DD)":[87],"heterodyne":[89],"are":[91,108,158,189,200],"employed":[92],"receiver.":[96],"context,":[99],"analytical":[100,198],"expressions":[101,141],"outage":[103,125],"probability":[104,126],"ergodic":[106],"capacity":[107],"derived":[109,159],"terms":[111,161],"Meijer-G":[113,119,163],"function":[114,134],"extended":[116],"bivariate":[118],"function.":[120,164],"diversity":[122],"order,":[123],"asymptotic":[124],"expression":[127],"also":[129],"derived.":[130],"Further,":[131],"cumulative":[132],"based":[135],"average":[137],"symbol":[138],"rate":[140],"for":[142],"various":[143,171],"quadrature":[144],"amplitude":[145],"(QAM)":[147],"schemes":[148,173],"such":[149],"as":[150],"hexagonal":[151],"QAM,":[152,154],"rectangular":[153],"cross":[156],"QAM":[157],"Furthermore,":[165],"detailed":[167],"comparative":[168],"study":[169],"presented":[175],"impact":[178],"error,":[181],"turbulence,":[183],"CSI,":[185],"parameter":[188],"highlighted":[190],"on":[191],"performance.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"all":[196],"verified":[201],"through":[202],"Monte-Carlo":[203],"simulations.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}