{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022117740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","title":"<i>CANeleon</i>: Protecting CAN Bus With Frame ID Chameleon","display_name":"<i>CANeleon</i>: Protecting CAN Bus With Frame ID Chameleon","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022117740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","mag":"3022117740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103088611","display_name":"Kun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593745","display_name":"Yuebin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuebin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083918663","display_name":"Yuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046228592","display_name":"Yun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-6848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067813217","display_name":"David San\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Sanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103088611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80579456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"7116","last_page":"7130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.7639043927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/can-bus","display_name":"CAN bus","score":0.731900155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6376894116401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.636329710483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6113541126251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5894899964332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5749253034591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.532806396484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4532143473625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.4412095248699188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3228667974472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29940861463546753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7639043927192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201762086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728183","display_name":"CAN bus","level":2,"score":0.731900155544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6376894116401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.636329710483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6113541126251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5894899964332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5749253034591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.532806396484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4532143473625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.4412095248699188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3228667974472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29940861463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2990417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8351171912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87635799","https://openalex.org/W394580871","https://openalex.org/W1213743295","https://openalex.org/W1629374427","https://openalex.org/W1993180463","https://openalex.org/W1993470778","https://openalex.org/W2065806894","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2130459259","https://openalex.org/W2133854595","https://openalex.org/W2138271040","https://openalex.org/W2149254819","https://openalex.org/W2150010995","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2166668397","https://openalex.org/W2188948913","https://openalex.org/W2464037380","https://openalex.org/W2494110282","https://openalex.org/W2536935267","https://openalex.org/W2545810962","https://openalex.org/W2561208905","https://openalex.org/W2752558064","https://openalex.org/W2779865147","https://openalex.org/W2791964896","https://openalex.org/W2883263864","https://openalex.org/W2890428653","https://openalex.org/W2901670281","https://openalex.org/W2913156972","https://openalex.org/W2947544026","https://openalex.org/W2963804058","https://openalex.org/W2964010649","https://openalex.org/W2965257942","https://openalex.org/W2970769336","https://openalex.org/W4239035626","https://openalex.org/W4255608271","https://openalex.org/W6603557143","https://openalex.org/W6648653525","https://openalex.org/W6687224100","https://openalex.org/W6719536112","https://openalex.org/W6756644230","https://openalex.org/W6766746498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2358184096","https://openalex.org/W2391417648","https://openalex.org/W2022256185","https://openalex.org/W2364615786","https://openalex.org/W2382695738","https://openalex.org/W2375092228","https://openalex.org/W2387287689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Controller":[1],"Area":[2],"Network":[3],"(CAN)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,129],"the":[10,22,69,83,87,94,116,123,132,142,163],"automotive":[11],"and":[12,101,157],"industrial":[13],"automation":[14],"for":[15],"over":[16],"two":[17],"decades.":[18],"However,":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,30,85,115,122],"lack":[23],"of":[24,71,96,165],"security":[25],"mechanisms,":[26],"CAN":[27,46,80,124,154],"is":[28,128,136],"vulnerable":[29],"attacks.":[31],"In":[32,91],"this":[33,92],"paper,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"a":[37,48,137,153,158],"novel":[38],"protection":[39,143],"scheme":[40],"called":[41],"CANeleon.":[42,166],"It":[43],"can":[44,102],"defend":[45],"against":[47],"smart":[49],"attacker":[50],"who":[51],"might":[52],"inject":[53],"malicious":[54,97],"frames":[55,98],"with":[56,82,131],"legitimate":[57,79,107],"frame":[58,89],"IDs,":[59],"which":[60],"cannot":[61],"be":[62,103,145],"mitigated":[63],"by":[64,68,106],"existing":[65,133],"countermeasures.":[66],"Inspired":[67],"idea":[70],"moving":[72],"target":[73],"defense":[74],"technologies,":[75],"CANeleon":[76,110,135],"equips":[77],"each":[78],"node":[81],"ability":[84],"shift":[86],"spoofed":[88],"ID.":[90],"way,":[93],"IDs":[95],"are":[99],"exposed":[100],"further":[104],"filtered":[105],"nodes.":[108],"Moreover,":[109],"neither":[111],"inserts":[112],"new":[113],"information":[114],"frame,":[117],"nor":[118],"requires":[119],"any":[120],"modification":[121],"protocol,":[125],"so":[126],"it":[127],"compliance":[130],"standards.":[134],"decentralized":[138],"mechanism":[139],"guaranteeing":[140],"that":[141],"could":[144],"done":[146],"simultaneously":[147],"without":[148],"additional":[149],"communication.":[150],"Experiments":[151],"on":[152],"bus":[155],"prototype":[156],"real":[159],"self-driving":[160],"vehicle":[161],"prove":[162],"effectiveness":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
