{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019147540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","title":"Towards Efficient Battery Swapping Service Operation Under Battery Heterogeneity","display_name":"Towards Efficient Battery Swapping Service Operation Under Battery Heterogeneity","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019147540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","mag":"3019147540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437160","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-6607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794082","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Shenzhen Key Lab of Data Visualization (Smart City), Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Lab of Data Visualization (Smart City), Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002965035","display_name":"Linyu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-8575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504317","display_name":"Naveed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061307388","display_name":"Lexi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-7252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lexi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Technology Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Technology Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100437160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95440988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"6107","last_page":"6118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6201553344726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5897378325462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.49972057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47725412249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4469505846500397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41502365469932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39811596274375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3301703929901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2886159121990204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08174943923950195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6201553344726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5897378325462341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.49972057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47725412249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4469505846500397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41502365469932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39811596274375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3301703929901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2886159121990204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08174943923950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2989195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:94261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902551521","https://openalex.org/W1972534007","https://openalex.org/W1973215789","https://openalex.org/W1980626225","https://openalex.org/W1983057780","https://openalex.org/W2002048403","https://openalex.org/W2011559788","https://openalex.org/W2021497904","https://openalex.org/W2038685968","https://openalex.org/W2077537699","https://openalex.org/W2079082996","https://openalex.org/W2090064571","https://openalex.org/W2090861152","https://openalex.org/W2125631235","https://openalex.org/W2149617044","https://openalex.org/W2292607291","https://openalex.org/W2346606088","https://openalex.org/W2527678568","https://openalex.org/W2609729060","https://openalex.org/W2612587095","https://openalex.org/W2613846252","https://openalex.org/W2614605253","https://openalex.org/W2739697384","https://openalex.org/W2762432188","https://openalex.org/W2899528136","https://openalex.org/W2970146676","https://openalex.org/W3101402193","https://openalex.org/W3106021442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2787993192","https://openalex.org/W2158269427","https://openalex.org/W2275805942","https://openalex.org/W4381280689","https://openalex.org/W3033859939","https://openalex.org/W2847365777","https://openalex.org/W2355048207","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W3126051647","https://openalex.org/W1991205173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,19,37,110,167,176],"electric":[3],"vehicles":[4,39],"(EVs)":[5],"has":[6],"posed":[7],"significant":[8],"challenges":[9],"to":[10,22,33,41,65,80,141,162],"the":[11,25,74,101,105,129,153,157,174,180],"existing":[12],"power":[13],"grid":[14],"infrastructure.":[15],"It":[16],"thus":[17,96],"becomes":[18],"vital":[20],"importance":[21],"efficiently":[23],"manage":[24],"Electro-Mobility":[26],"for":[27,45,125],"large":[28],"demand":[29,130],"from":[30],"EVs.":[31],"Due":[32],"limited":[34],"cruising":[35],"range":[36],"EVs,":[38],"have":[40],"make":[42],"frequent":[43],"stops":[44],"recharging,":[46],"while":[47],"long":[48],"charging":[49,69,75],"period":[50],"is":[51,88,119],"one":[52],"major":[53],"concern":[54],"under":[55,156],"plug-in":[56],"charging.":[57],"We":[58],"herein":[59],"leverage":[60],"battery":[61,87,98,114,177],"swapping":[62,102,116,126],"(BS)":[63],"technology":[64],"provide":[66],"an":[67],"alternative":[68],"service,":[70,103],"which":[71],"substantially":[72],"reduces":[73],"duration":[76],"(from":[77],"hours":[78],"down":[79],"minutes).":[81],"Concerning":[82],"in":[83,165],"practice":[84],"that":[85,107],"various":[86],"generally":[89],"not":[90],"compatible":[91],"with":[92,123],"each":[93],"other,":[94],"we":[95],"introduce":[97],"heterogeneity":[99],"into":[100],"concerning":[104],"case":[106],"different":[108],"types":[109],"EVs":[111],"co-exist.":[112],"A":[113],"heterogeneity-based":[115],"service":[117,127,143,168],"framework":[118],"then":[120],"proposed.":[121],"Further":[122],"reservations":[124],"enabled,":[128],"load":[131],"can":[132,148,182],"be":[133,149,183],"anticipated":[134],"at":[135],"BS":[136],"stations":[137],"as":[138],"a":[139],"guidance":[140],"alleviate":[142],"congestion.":[144],"Therefore,":[145],"potential":[146],"hotspots":[147],"avoided.":[150],"Results":[151],"show":[152],"performance":[154],"gains":[155],"proposed":[158],"scheme":[159],"by":[160],"comparing":[161],"other":[163],"benchmarks,":[164],"terms":[166],"waiting":[169],"time,":[170],"etc.":[171],"In":[172],"particular,":[173],"diversity":[175],"stock":[178],"across":[179],"network":[181],"effectively":[184],"managed.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
