{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018338836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","title":"Convex Optimization-Based 2-D DOA Estimation With Enhanced Virtual Aperture and Virtual Snapshots Extension for L-Shaped Array","display_name":"Convex Optimization-Based 2-D DOA Estimation With Enhanced Virtual Aperture and Virtual Snapshots Extension for L-Shaped Array","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018338836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","mag":"3018338836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001449079","display_name":"Riheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-0596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Wenjing College, Yantai University, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-0596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Wenjing College, Yantai University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799484","display_name":"Zhenhai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronics Engineering, The Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, The Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69194965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"6473","last_page":"6484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semidefinite-programming","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","score":0.7258204221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5701369047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5634647607803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-growth","display_name":"Quadratic growth","score":0.5422696471214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.521148681640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.4973810017108917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.47048166394233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.443962961435318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.43895241618156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4263099431991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41195663809776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4051758944988251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.3825022280216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09966740012168884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101901036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269096","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","level":2,"score":0.7258204221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5701369047164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5634647607803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195956108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268362","display_name":"Quadratic growth","level":2,"score":0.5422696471214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.521148681640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.4973810017108917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.47048166394233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.443962961435318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.43895241618156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4263099431991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41195663809776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4051758944988251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3825022280216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09966740012168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2988327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496112662","https://openalex.org/W1931937217","https://openalex.org/W1968532017","https://openalex.org/W1977678764","https://openalex.org/W2052406656","https://openalex.org/W2059810198","https://openalex.org/W2062915749","https://openalex.org/W2070173386","https://openalex.org/W2070222581","https://openalex.org/W2077121281","https://openalex.org/W2086533823","https://openalex.org/W2100160608","https://openalex.org/W2110798624","https://openalex.org/W2115237383","https://openalex.org/W2117523044","https://openalex.org/W2126023613","https://openalex.org/W2128202699","https://openalex.org/W2130601302","https://openalex.org/W2163175707","https://openalex.org/W2168499745","https://openalex.org/W2168837636","https://openalex.org/W2313359813","https://openalex.org/W2326459495","https://openalex.org/W2343288807","https://openalex.org/W2469248259","https://openalex.org/W2508134919","https://openalex.org/W2592693527","https://openalex.org/W2774391358","https://openalex.org/W2905850790","https://openalex.org/W6644476533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372955329","https://openalex.org/W4287805712","https://openalex.org/W2917463375","https://openalex.org/W2951444518","https://openalex.org/W3021329353","https://openalex.org/W1994777396","https://openalex.org/W2115185678","https://openalex.org/W619647352","https://openalex.org/W2893860505","https://openalex.org/W4289490443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,18,25,50,65,78,101,117,122,134,152,156,162],"two-dimensional":[3],"direction-of-arrival":[4],"(2-D":[5],"DOA)":[6],"estimation":[7,59],"problem":[8,76,83],"for":[9],"L-shaped":[10,31],"ULA":[11,32],"by":[12,17],"developing":[13],"an":[14],"algorithm":[15],"represented":[16],"convex":[19],"optimal":[20],"method.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"generalized":[26],"conjugate":[27],"symmetry":[28],"property":[29],"of":[30,91,119,155],"is":[33,125],"fully":[34],"developed":[35],"to":[36,88,128,141],"increase":[37],"not":[38,47],"only":[39,48],"virtual":[40,44],"array":[41],"aperture":[42],"but":[43,54],"snapshots,":[45],"which":[46,96],"increases":[49],"maximum":[51],"resolvable":[52],"sources":[53],"yields":[55],"better":[56],"2-D":[57,113],"DOA":[58],"performance.":[60],"Specifically,":[61],"we":[62],"first":[63,126],"formulate":[64],"cost":[66],"function":[67],"as":[68],"a":[69,89],"quadratically":[70],"constrained":[71],"complex":[72,112],"quadratic":[73],"programming":[74,93],"(QCCQP)":[75],"via":[77,100],"subspace":[79],"theory.":[80],"The":[81],"QCCQP":[82],"can":[84,97,137],"then":[85,138],"be":[86,98,139],"relaxed":[87],"series":[90],"semidefinite":[92],"(SDP)":[94],"problems,":[95,121],"solved":[99],"CVX":[102],"solvers":[103],"in":[104],"polynomial":[105],"time":[106],"complexity":[107],"per":[108],"iteration.":[109],"To":[110],"avoid":[111],"global":[114],"iterations":[115,144],"during":[116],"implementation":[118],"SDP":[120],"PM-ESPRIT-like":[123],"method":[124,136,158],"applied":[127],"estimate":[129],"azimuths,":[130],"based":[131,175],"on":[132,176],"which,":[133],"proposed":[135,157],"transformed":[140],"1-D":[142],"local":[143],"with":[145],"no":[146],"additional":[147],"angles":[148,164],"pairings":[149],"needed.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"superb":[153],"performance":[154],"still":[159],"holds":[160],"whether":[161],"spatial":[163],"are":[165,173],"very":[166],"close":[167],"or":[168],"separate":[169],"apart.":[170],"Performances":[171],"evaluations":[172],"confirmed":[174],"multiple":[177],"simulations":[178],"examples":[179],"and":[180],"some":[181],"criteria.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
