{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014158642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","title":"An Adaptive Resilient Load Frequency Controller for Smart Grids With DoS Attacks","display_name":"An Adaptive Resilient Load Frequency Controller for Smart Grids With DoS Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014158642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","mag":"3014158642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072829479","display_name":"Kang\u2010Di Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0131-5085"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang-Di Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046775963","display_name":"Guo\u2010Qiang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-7420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Qiang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Digitalize Electrical Design Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Digitalize Electrical Design Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066189295","display_name":"Xizhao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-1365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082041657","display_name":"Jian Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333755","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-0231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351377","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-5010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security and the National Joint Engineering Research Center of Network Security Detection and Protection Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072829479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98600212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"5","first_page":"4689","last_page":"4699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6936448216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6031997799873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5869279503822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5861432552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5635618567466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5618405342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5371120572090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5133041739463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4564705789089203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.43714267015457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32587096095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3074311316013336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2589380145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.10443270206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09806731343269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09626364707946777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6936448216438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6031997799873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5869279503822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5861432552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5635618567466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5618405342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5371120572090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5133041739463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4564705789089203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.43714267015457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32587096095085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3074311316013336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2589380145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.10443270206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09806731343269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09626364707946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2983565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1427926582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2646719732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2911284145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A030313318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5227586273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0802203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5300435278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5797141846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61732021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5801589591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6220089879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968571787","https://openalex.org/W1972757409","https://openalex.org/W2002518043","https://openalex.org/W2010739835","https://openalex.org/W2016562720","https://openalex.org/W2022229650","https://openalex.org/W2048153718","https://openalex.org/W2063688797","https://openalex.org/W2068483374","https://openalex.org/W2068740779","https://openalex.org/W2095509930","https://openalex.org/W2100098163","https://openalex.org/W2114440979","https://openalex.org/W2119811431","https://openalex.org/W2122696875","https://openalex.org/W2131466958","https://openalex.org/W2153910360","https://openalex.org/W2165182598","https://openalex.org/W2215497025","https://openalex.org/W2313578468","https://openalex.org/W2319074362","https://openalex.org/W2347050388","https://openalex.org/W2521424856","https://openalex.org/W2558602402","https://openalex.org/W2558624015","https://openalex.org/W2581979174","https://openalex.org/W2635804243","https://openalex.org/W2739278420","https://openalex.org/W2757303199","https://openalex.org/W2797847926","https://openalex.org/W2802292836","https://openalex.org/W2805690413","https://openalex.org/W2888227520","https://openalex.org/W2889538283","https://openalex.org/W2923060429","https://openalex.org/W2941072788","https://openalex.org/W2947048520","https://openalex.org/W2950032093","https://openalex.org/W2970815307","https://openalex.org/W2973008423","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W2977367995","https://openalex.org/W2979680647","https://openalex.org/W2979865550","https://openalex.org/W3008483157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W3203237455","https://openalex.org/W2145753860","https://openalex.org/W1895825885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Load":[0],"frequency":[1],"control":[2,102],"(LFC)":[3],"is":[4,40,61,86],"widely":[5],"employed":[6],"to":[7,63,98],"keep":[8],"smart":[9,25],"grids":[10,26],"stable":[11],"and":[12,69,120,151,160],"secure.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"proposes":[16],"an":[17,55],"adaptive":[18,56,131],"resilient":[19,36,57,132,147],"LFC":[20,59,91,113,133,149,153],"scheme":[21,39,60,134,150,154],"for":[22,88],"sub-systems":[23],"of":[24,157],"under":[27],"denial-of-service":[28],"(DoS)":[29],"attacks":[30,143],"with":[31,146],"energy":[32],"constraint.":[33],"Firstly,":[34],"a":[35,83],"triggering":[37,44,162],"communication":[38,67,138],"introduced,":[41],"where":[42,74],"the":[43,47,66,71,75,100,129,137],"condition":[45],"includes":[46],"uncertainty":[48],"item":[49],"induced":[50],"by":[51,93,144],"DoS":[52,72,142],"attacks.":[53],"Secondly,":[54],"event-triggering":[58,76,148,152],"proposed":[62,101,130],"further":[64],"reduce":[65,136],"burden":[68,139],"defeat":[70],"attacks,":[73],"parameter":[77],"can":[78,135],"be":[79],"dynamically":[80],"adjusted.":[81],"Third,":[82],"stability":[84],"criterion":[85],"derived":[87],"Proportional":[89],"Integral-based":[90],"systems":[92,116],"employing":[94],"Lyapunov":[95],"theory.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"validate":[99],"scheme,":[103],"case":[104],"studies":[105],"are":[106],"carried":[107],"out":[108],"based":[109],"on":[110],"three":[111],"different":[112],"power":[114],"generation":[115],"including":[117],"one-area,":[118],"two-area":[119],"three-area":[121],"models.":[122],"The":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"clearly":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"while":[140],"defeating":[141],"comparing":[145],"in":[155],"term":[156],"defense":[158],"effect":[159],"average":[161],"period.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
