{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000551072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","title":"Transparent AAA Security Design for Low-Latency MEC-Integrated Cellular Networks","display_name":"Transparent AAA Security Design for Low-Latency MEC-Integrated Cellular Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000551072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","mag":"3000551072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101531317","display_name":"Chi-Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-6801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021844836","display_name":"Ying\u2010Dar Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Dar Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085347760","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Cheng Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-5784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Cheng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-5784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014722884","display_name":"Hsu-Tung Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu-Tung Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073846535","display_name":"Yusheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Sheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588677","display_name":"Po-Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054981087","display_name":"Hsueh-Yang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh-Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101531317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91566053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"3231","last_page":"3243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7682980298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112812995910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5517926216125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-access-control","display_name":"Network Access Control","score":0.5240359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.5177870988845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4411686360836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.4369758367538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35449615120887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.13698282837867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1255354881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.11513668298721313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7682980298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112812995910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5517926216125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14982408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006334","display_name":"Network Access Control","level":4,"score":0.5240359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.5177870988845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4411686360836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.4369758367538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35449615120887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.13698282837867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1255354881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.11513668298721313}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2964596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157975046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-107-2923-E-009-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5130552616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-106-2628-E-009-003-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010579408","https://openalex.org/W2031427758","https://openalex.org/W2093972407","https://openalex.org/W2162446888","https://openalex.org/W2537607123","https://openalex.org/W2547727199","https://openalex.org/W2593138756","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2766716957","https://openalex.org/W2788671143","https://openalex.org/W2792636363","https://openalex.org/W2794596638","https://openalex.org/W2800992211","https://openalex.org/W2802196416","https://openalex.org/W2809727329","https://openalex.org/W2885413771","https://openalex.org/W2885658360","https://openalex.org/W2886622674","https://openalex.org/W2897500530","https://openalex.org/W2902873511","https://openalex.org/W2963061006","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W6641026274","https://openalex.org/W6684225176","https://openalex.org/W6753635154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996683534","https://openalex.org/W1970095541","https://openalex.org/W2350037705","https://openalex.org/W3023964565","https://openalex.org/W2526209010","https://openalex.org/W1658613573","https://openalex.org/W2362468486","https://openalex.org/W1978526213","https://openalex.org/W2383860150","https://openalex.org/W2024568155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-access":[0],"edge":[1,24],"computing":[2],"(MEC)":[3],"is":[4,153],"a":[5,105],"key":[6],"enabler":[7],"for":[8],"low-latency":[9,86],"services":[10],"in":[11,118],"the":[12,23,27,43,113,119,159,171,180,195],"cellular":[13,91,120,150,174],"network.":[14,121],"It":[15,122],"enables":[16],"service":[17,31,87],"requests":[18],"to":[19,36,111,192],"be":[20],"served":[21],"at":[22,42],"without":[25],"reaching":[26],"Internet.":[28],"However,":[29],"this":[30],"model":[32],"allows":[33],"data":[34],"traffic":[35],"bypass":[37],"conventional":[38,77],"security":[39,49,54,59,107],"functions":[40,60],"deployed":[41],"core":[44],"network,":[45],"and":[46,67,70,94,134,152,157,194],"may":[47],"pose":[48],"threats.":[50],"To":[51],"examine":[52],"its":[53,140],"impact,":[55],"we":[56],"analyze":[57],"current":[58,90,149,187],"that":[61,179],"span":[62],"authentication,":[63,131],"authorization,":[64,92],"accounting":[65],"(AAA),":[66],"access":[68,95,137],"control,":[69],"then":[71],"identify":[72],"two":[73],"major":[74],"issues.":[75],"First,":[76],"user":[78],"authentication":[79,188],"methods":[80,189],"prevent":[81],"MEC":[82,100,114],"applications":[83],"from":[84],"achieving":[85],"offering.":[88],"Second,":[89],"accounting,":[93],"control":[96],"mechanisms":[97],"hardly":[98],"secure":[99,112],"traffic.":[101],"We":[102,155],"thus":[103],"propose":[104],"transparent":[106,141],"design":[108,142],"called":[109],"MECsec":[110,160],"with":[115,204],"low":[116],"latency":[117],"contains":[123],"three":[124],"main":[125],"components:":[126],"cellular-based":[127,181],"OpenID":[128],"Connect":[129],"(OIDC)":[130],"bitmap-based":[132],"authorization/accounting,":[133],"two-tier":[135],"hash-based":[136],"control.":[138],"Especially,":[139],"does":[143],"not":[144],"need":[145],"any":[146],"changes":[147],"on":[148,162,170],"operations,":[151],"standard-compliant.":[154],"implement":[156],"evaluate":[158],"prototype":[161],"an":[163],"MEC-integrated":[164],"LTE":[165],"network":[166],"architecture":[167],"developed":[168],"based":[169],"OpenAirInterface":[172],"(OAI)":[173],"platform.":[175],"Our":[176],"results":[177],"show":[178],"OIDC":[182],"can":[183,198],"reduce":[184],"delays":[185],"of":[186],"by":[190],"up":[191],"88.3%,":[193],"other":[196],"components":[197],"successfully":[199],"defend":[200],"against":[201],"possible":[202],"threats":[203],"negligible":[205],"overhead.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}