{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991482202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","title":"Virtual Drive Testing Over-the-Air for Vehicular Communications","display_name":"Virtual Drive Testing Over-the-Air for Vehicular Communications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991482202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","mag":"2991482202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6336c935-ac17-426f-9c57-e93df8aa4290","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056960025","display_name":"Yilin Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-9392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089347799","display_name":"Wei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008032322","display_name":"Mikael Nilsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-5869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikael G. Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054006348","display_name":"Lassi Hentil\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-5152"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lassi Hentila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keysight Technologies Oy, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keysight Technologies Oy, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888727","display_name":"Kristian Karlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-6603"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439066","display_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088019804","display_name":"Gert Fr\u00f8lund Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-7387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gert Frolund Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056960025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78463031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"2","first_page":"1203","last_page":"1213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.810112476348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7478209733963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.739088237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5937192440032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5585644841194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.47406095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.46513432264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4604957401752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40867841243743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35112375020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.27075958251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17401349544525146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.810112476348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7478209733963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.739088237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5937192440032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5585644841194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.47406095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.46513432264328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4604957401752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40867841243743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35112375020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27075958251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17401349544525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2956571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6336c935-ac17-426f-9c57-e93df8aa4290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6336c935-ac17-426f-9c57-e93df8aa4290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ji, Y, Fan, W, Nilsson, M, Hentil\u00e4, L, Karlsson, K, Tufvesson, F & Pedersen, G F 2020, 'Virtual Drive Testing Over-The-Air for Vehicular Communications', I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 2, 8917696, pp. 1203-1213. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2956571","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:f6416d93-91b4-41fc-97d3-857bce2ecd9d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/f6416d93-91b4-41fc-97d3-857bce2ecd9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0018-9545","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6336c935-ac17-426f-9c57-e93df8aa4290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6336c935-ac17-426f-9c57-e93df8aa4290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ji, Y, Fan, W, Nilsson, M, Hentil\u00e4, L, Karlsson, K, Tufvesson, F & Pedersen, G F 2020, 'Virtual Drive Testing Over-The-Air for Vehicular Communications', I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 2, 8917696, pp. 1203-1213. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2956571","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996111507","https://openalex.org/W1998635205","https://openalex.org/W2068186309","https://openalex.org/W2130917709","https://openalex.org/W2343836158","https://openalex.org/W2414913839","https://openalex.org/W2419470956","https://openalex.org/W2605119037","https://openalex.org/W2726872080","https://openalex.org/W2735118602","https://openalex.org/W2752826374","https://openalex.org/W2792087756","https://openalex.org/W2797065414","https://openalex.org/W2889471976","https://openalex.org/W2891148419","https://openalex.org/W2900881049","https://openalex.org/W2904343741","https://openalex.org/W6667735863","https://openalex.org/W6704610421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017779656","https://openalex.org/W2001172292","https://openalex.org/W2169567031","https://openalex.org/W1849802015","https://openalex.org/W3097766872","https://openalex.org/W2167397126","https://openalex.org/W1754992167","https://openalex.org/W1576565559","https://openalex.org/W4378842748","https://openalex.org/W4367186944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple-input":[0],"multiple-output":[1],"(MIMO)":[2],"over-the-air":[3],"(OTA)":[4],"testing":[5,36,114,177,192],"is":[6,37,49,115,134],"a":[7,56,82],"standardized":[8,50,176],"procedure":[9],"to":[10,39,93,119,141],"evaluate":[11],"the":[12,24,27,31,102,109,120,127,132,143,156,165,170,186,196],"performance":[13],"of":[14,26,59,77,85,105,131,146],"MIMO-capable":[15],"devices":[16],"such":[17,96],"as":[18,97],"mobile":[19],"phones":[20],"and":[21,160,169],"laptops.":[22],"With":[23],"growth":[25],"vehicle-to-everything":[28],"(V2X)":[29],"service,":[30],"need":[32],"for":[33,51,108,112,189],"vehicular":[34],"communication":[35],"expected":[38],"increase":[40],"significantly.":[41],"The":[42,179],"so-called":[43],"multi-probe":[44],"anechoic":[45],"chamber":[46],"(MPAC)":[47],"setup":[48,111,168],"MIMO":[52,190],"OTA":[53,106,147,191],"testing.":[54],"Typically,":[55],"test":[57,83],"zone":[58,84],"0.85":[60],"wavelength":[61],"in":[62],"diameter":[63],"can":[64,73],"be":[65,90],"achieved":[66],"with":[67,117,164,193],"an":[68],"8-probe":[69,166],"MPAC":[70,110,167],"setup,":[71,173],"which":[72],"encompass":[74,94],"device-under-test":[75],"(DUT)":[76],"small":[78],"form":[79],"factors.":[80],"However,":[81],"this":[86,100],"size":[87],"may":[88],"not":[89],"large":[91],"enough":[92],"DUTs":[95],"cars.":[98],"In":[99,149],"article,":[101],"sufficient":[103],"number":[104,145],"probes":[107],"car":[113],"investigated":[116],"respect":[118],"emulation":[121],"accuracy.":[122],"Our":[123],"investigation":[124],"shows":[125],"that":[126],"effective":[128],"antenna":[129],"distance":[130],"DUT":[133],"more":[135],"critical":[136],"than":[137],"its":[138],"physical":[139],"dimensions":[140],"determine":[142],"required":[144],"probes.":[148],"addition,":[150],"throughput":[151],"measurements":[152],"are":[153],"performed":[154],"under":[155,195],"standard":[157,197],"SCME":[158],"UMa":[159],"UMi":[161],"channel":[162,198],"models":[163],"wireless":[171],"cable":[172],"i.e.":[174],"another":[175],"setup.":[178],"results":[180],"show":[181],"reasonably":[182],"good":[183],"agreement":[184],"between":[185],"two":[187],"setups":[188],"cars":[194],"models.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}