{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981319699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","title":"Clustering Based Hybrid Precoding Design for Multi-User Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Clustering Based Hybrid Precoding Design for Multi-User Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981319699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","mag":"2981319699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450727","display_name":"Ling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-6234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-6234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101823702","display_name":"Lin Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-3347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-3347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029622571","display_name":"Kai Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-5305"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharp Laboratories of America, Camas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-5305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharp Laboratories of America, Camas, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074390528","display_name":"Qibo Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qibo Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100450727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88232763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"12","first_page":"12164","last_page":"12178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9556313157081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6982541084289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6787186861038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6421421766281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5113434195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.48303040862083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.4376615285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.43345844745635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3296865224838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22747722268104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19435915350914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16187012195587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.14759275317192078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9556313157081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6982541084289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6787186861038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6421421766281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5113434195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.48303040862083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.4376615285873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.43345844745635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3296865224838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22747722268104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19435915350914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16187012195587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.14759275317192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2949578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2527675146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537747159","https://openalex.org/W1921359321","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2015959396","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2037682381","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2045966546","https://openalex.org/W2051388965","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2116193517","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2340704566","https://openalex.org/W2342114053","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2481281758","https://openalex.org/W2528237000","https://openalex.org/W2541405589","https://openalex.org/W2735854379","https://openalex.org/W2740209007","https://openalex.org/W2740385326","https://openalex.org/W2750606122","https://openalex.org/W2757474971","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2776439332","https://openalex.org/W2786126514","https://openalex.org/W2790223875","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W2907923941","https://openalex.org/W2908378866","https://openalex.org/W2912725592","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963182751","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W4241492945","https://openalex.org/W6659855941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W1979957996","https://openalex.org/W3190864439","https://openalex.org/W1993945082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"precoding":[1,34,47,76,81,109,190],"has":[2],"been":[3],"recognized":[4],"as":[5,36,38],"a":[6,51,177],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"to":[9,25,96,134,150,184,227],"combat":[10],"the":[11,26,30,42,45,62,92,98,106,130,136,146,155,162,167,199,204,210,215,222,230,235],"path":[12],"loss":[13],"of":[14,29,64,154,203,214],"millimeter-wave":[15],"signals":[16],"in":[17,54,66,83,105,158,161],"massive":[18,85],"multiple-input":[19],"multiple-output":[20],"(MIMO)":[21],"systems.":[22,87],"However,":[23],"due":[24],"joint":[27],"optimization":[28],"digital":[31],"and":[32,69,78,209,233],"analog":[33,43],"matrices":[35],"well":[37],"extra":[39],"constraints":[40],"for":[41,73],"part,":[44],"hybrid":[46,75,80,108,189],"design":[48,71,192],"is":[49,182],"still":[50],"tough":[52],"issue":[53],"current":[55],"research.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,90,128],"adopt":[61],"thought":[63],"clustering":[65,168],"unsupervised":[67],"learning":[68],"provide":[70,186],"schemes":[72,224],"fully-connected":[74],"(FHP)":[77],"adaptively-connected":[79],"(AHP)":[82],"multi-user":[84],"MIMO":[86],"For":[88,126],"FHP,":[89],"propose":[91,129],"hierarchical-agglomerative-clustering-based":[93],"(HAC-based)":[94],"scheme":[95,133,175],"explore":[97,135],"relevance":[99,137],"among":[100,138],"radio":[101],"frequency":[102],"(RF)":[103],"chains":[104,114,123],"optimal":[107],"design.":[110],"The":[111,140],"similar":[112,141],"RF":[113,122,148],"are":[115,124,143,170,225],"merged":[116],"into":[117],"an":[118],"individual":[119],"when":[120],"insufficient":[121],"available.":[125],"AHP,":[127],"modified-K-means-based":[131],"(MKM-based)":[132],"antennas.":[139],"antennas":[142],"supported":[144],"by":[145,172],"same":[147],"chain":[149],"make":[151],"full":[152],"use":[153],"flexible":[156],"connection":[157],"AHP.":[159],"Particularly,":[160],"proposed":[163,205,216,223],"MKM-based":[164,217],"AHP":[165,218],"design,":[166],"centers":[169],"updated":[171],"alternating-optimum-based":[173],"(AO-based)":[174],"with":[176,193],"specific":[178],"initialization":[179],"method,":[180],"which":[181],"capable":[183],"independently":[185],"feasible":[187],"sub-connected":[188],"(SHP)":[191],"quick":[194],"convergence.":[195],"Simulation":[196],"results":[197],"highlight":[198],"superior":[200],"spectrum":[201],"efficiency":[202,213],"HAC-based":[206],"FHP":[207],"scheme,":[208],"high":[211],"power":[212],"scheme.":[219],"Moreover,":[220],"all":[221],"clarified":[226],"effectively":[228],"handle":[229],"inter-user":[231],"interference":[232],"outperform":[234],"existing":[236],"work.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}