{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971307413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","title":"On Jamming and Black Hole Attacks in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks","display_name":"On Jamming and Black Hole Attacks in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971307413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","mag":"2971307413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023665943","display_name":"Anastasia Tsiota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-3224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasia Tsiota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066052787","display_name":"Dionysis Xenakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-8736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dionysis Xenakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-8736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111712118","display_name":"Nikos Passas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Passas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008482106","display_name":"Lazaros Merakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazaros Merakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93187589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"11","first_page":"10761","last_page":"10774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8007563948631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.6243970990180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5839169025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-wireless-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous wireless network","score":0.5553097128868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5263760685920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5157959461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.47440433502197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.43438467383384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.420705109834671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.4020947217941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3772166669368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2694575786590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.13074785470962524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8007563948631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.6243970990180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5839169025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776123436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous wireless network","level":5,"score":0.5553097128868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5263760685920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5157959461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.47440433502197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.43438467383384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.420705109834671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.4020947217941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3772166669368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2694575786590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.13074785470962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2938405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323220","display_name":"Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/017nq0d63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1640277352","https://openalex.org/W1965489815","https://openalex.org/W2085361544","https://openalex.org/W2108247956","https://openalex.org/W2121002303","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2162542842","https://openalex.org/W2181834309","https://openalex.org/W2292621081","https://openalex.org/W2340384825","https://openalex.org/W2407898405","https://openalex.org/W2432502995","https://openalex.org/W2572140128","https://openalex.org/W2605174317","https://openalex.org/W2621887681","https://openalex.org/W2963391656","https://openalex.org/W3101159326","https://openalex.org/W3105072513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095498786","https://openalex.org/W2140682030","https://openalex.org/W4249439626","https://openalex.org/W2103572136","https://openalex.org/W2116717398","https://openalex.org/W2110174114","https://openalex.org/W1532348048","https://openalex.org/W2092425474","https://openalex.org/W220434541","https://openalex.org/W2992091714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,165],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,24,29,49,62,68,82,86,100,110,116,137,167,210,260,276,298],"radio-enabled":[3],"equipment,":[4],"including":[5],"sensors,":[6],"controllers,":[7],"actuators,":[8],"mobile":[9],"handhelds,":[10],"etc.,":[11],"into":[12],"the":[13,22,30,38,46,60,66,69,80,90,93,114,199,257,274,296,299],"today's":[14],"heterogeneous":[15],"wireless":[16],"network":[17,51,98,173,211,237,277,312],"(HWN)":[18],"has":[19],"led":[20],"to":[21,45,65,119,161,189,219,234,246,279],"support":[23],"different":[25,217,222],"vertical":[26],"services":[27,64],"on-top":[28],"same":[31],"physical":[32],"infrastructure.":[33],"Such":[34],"an":[35],"approach":[36],"increases":[37],"potential":[39],"for":[40,170],"enhanced":[41,311],"multiplexing":[42],"gains":[43],"due":[44],"joint":[47,265],"utilization":[48],"multiple":[50,111],"tiers":[52,218],"and":[53,92,149,183,253,267,281,308],"their":[54,162],"resources.":[55],"However,":[56],"it":[57],"also":[58,215],"links":[59],"availability":[61],"new":[63],"robustness":[67],"HWN":[70,108],"infrastructure":[71],"against":[72],"malicious":[73,285],"attacks.":[74],"In":[75,103],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,105,214,249],"study":[79],"impact":[81],"two":[83],"prominent":[84],"denial":[85],"service":[87,228],"(DoS)":[88],"attacks,":[89,270],"jamming":[91,266],"black":[94,150,184,268,290],"hole":[95,185,269],"attack,":[96],"on":[97,198,256,273,305],"coverage":[99,258],"multi-tier":[101,262],"HWNs.":[102],"particular,":[104],"consider":[106],"a":[107,125,168,171,178,207,231,235,240],"model":[109],"tiers,":[112,212],"where":[113,202],"locations":[115],"nodes":[117,155,186,278,286],"belonging":[118,233],"each":[120,193],"tier":[121,135,174,238],"are":[122,187],"modeled":[123],"by":[124,144,177],"homogeneous":[126],"Poisson":[127],"point":[128],"process":[129],"(PPP)":[130],"with":[131,264,284],"known":[132],"intensity.":[133],"Each":[134],"consists":[136],"regular":[138,154],"nodes,":[139],"jammers":[140,288],"(disrupting":[141],"downlink":[142],"communications":[143],"transmitting":[145],"at":[146],"constant":[147],"power),":[148],"holes":[151],"(appearing":[152],"as":[153],"but":[156],"without":[157],"forwarding":[158],"received":[159,242],"packets":[160],"legitimate":[163],"destination).":[164],"type":[166],"node":[169,232],"given":[172,236],"is":[175],"determined":[176],"prescribed":[179],"probability,":[180],"whereas":[181],"jammer":[182],"considered":[188],"act":[190],"independently":[191],"from":[192,230],"other.":[194],"We":[195],"further":[196],"focus":[197],"challenging":[200],"scenario":[201],"end":[203],"users":[204],"can":[205],"access":[206],"limited":[208],"number":[209],"while":[213],"allow":[216],"potentially":[220],"utilize":[221],"spectrum":[223],"bands.":[224],"Assuming":[225],"that":[226],"successful":[227],"reception":[229],"requires":[239],"minimum":[241],"signal":[243],"quality":[244],"threshold":[245],"be":[247],"attained,":[248],"derive":[250],"exact":[251],"expressions":[252],"performance":[254],"bounds":[255],"probability":[259],"random":[261],"HWNs":[263],"which":[271],"depend":[272],"capability":[275],"detect":[280],"avoid":[282],"association":[283],"(i.e.,":[287],"or":[289],"holes).":[291],"Detailed":[292],"numerical":[293],"results":[294],"highlight":[295],"usefulness":[297],"proposed":[300],"analysis,":[301],"providing":[302],"valuable":[303],"insights":[304],"system":[306],"design":[307],"parameterization":[309],"towards":[310],"robustness.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}