{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954228593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","title":"A Low-Complexity Massive MIMO Detection Based on Approximate Expectation Propagation","display_name":"A Low-Complexity Massive MIMO Detection Based on Approximate Expectation Propagation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954228593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","mag":"2954228593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040223376","display_name":"Xiaosi Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-2662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosi Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-2662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048130890","display_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027587940","display_name":"Zaichen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380082","display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Quantum Information Center of Southeast University, and the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91247515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"8","first_page":"7260","last_page":"7272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.774689793586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.763864278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6333595514297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5160874724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4634629786014557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4330154061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3885899484157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3348192274570465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20023861527442932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.774689793586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.763864278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6333595514297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5160874724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4634629786014557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4330154061317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3885899484157562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3348192274570465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20023861527442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2924952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G252193065","display_name":"DNA\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3078204090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8796651634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-DZXX-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","funder_display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597147179","https://openalex.org/W1721817043","https://openalex.org/W1934021597","https://openalex.org/W1992036418","https://openalex.org/W2026440501","https://openalex.org/W2039284669","https://openalex.org/W2044075512","https://openalex.org/W2052321444","https://openalex.org/W2061438084","https://openalex.org/W2061625134","https://openalex.org/W2070948799","https://openalex.org/W2075505133","https://openalex.org/W2100136038","https://openalex.org/W2104621895","https://openalex.org/W2125144942","https://openalex.org/W2126483728","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2140966562","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2161106981","https://openalex.org/W2183034097","https://openalex.org/W2189185068","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2507341887","https://openalex.org/W2531845361","https://openalex.org/W2585467881","https://openalex.org/W2604706952","https://openalex.org/W2607814989","https://openalex.org/W2746673316","https://openalex.org/W2758843937","https://openalex.org/W2776841339","https://openalex.org/W2786943166","https://openalex.org/W2800222781","https://openalex.org/W2803511377","https://openalex.org/W2810990271","https://openalex.org/W2901688689","https://openalex.org/W2906686309","https://openalex.org/W2907082258","https://openalex.org/W2907103537","https://openalex.org/W2915566718","https://openalex.org/W2952979330","https://openalex.org/W2963050343","https://openalex.org/W2963856055","https://openalex.org/W3009717121","https://openalex.org/W3098426596","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3127566743","https://openalex.org/W4211076402","https://openalex.org/W4244159265","https://openalex.org/W6640231202","https://openalex.org/W6674783232","https://openalex.org/W6681107968","https://openalex.org/W6686063040","https://openalex.org/W6735714357","https://openalex.org/W6751532031","https://openalex.org/W6757694826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161474341","https://openalex.org/W4302615923","https://openalex.org/W3203142394","https://openalex.org/W2351061015","https://openalex.org/W4220731478","https://openalex.org/W1974101135","https://openalex.org/W2017509870","https://openalex.org/W2120275292","https://openalex.org/W2070062388","https://openalex.org/W2134520490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"various":[1],"massive":[2,71],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"signal":[6],"detection":[7,73,186],"schemes,":[8],"expectation":[9],"propagation":[10],"(EP)":[11],"achieves":[12],"superior":[13],"performance":[14,64],"in":[15,30,142],"high-dimensional":[16,133],"systems":[17],"with":[18,155,191],"high-order":[19],"modulations":[20],"and":[21,169],"flexible":[22,192],"antenna":[23,159,193],"configurations.":[24,194],"However,":[25],"the":[26,41,55,60,83,87,92,96,105,115,122,135,139,180,184,189],"inevitable":[27],"matrix":[28,123],"inversion":[29,124],"each":[31,126],"iteration":[32],"of":[33,47,62,86,144,151,176,183],"EP":[34,48,89,97,141,164],"brings":[35],"unbearable":[36],"computational":[37,56,84,177],"burden,":[38],"which":[39,52,81],"hinders":[40],"efficient":[42],"implementation.":[43],"Several":[44],"reduced-complexity":[45],"variants":[46],"are":[49,101],"proposed":[50,76,119,136,185],"recently,":[51],"effectively":[53],"alleviate":[54],"cost":[57],"but":[58],"at":[59,125],"expense":[61],"unacceptable":[63],"loss.":[65],"In":[66,109],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"a":[69,148],"low-complexity":[70],"MIMO":[72,134],"is":[74,118],"first":[75],"based":[77,113],"on":[78,114],"approximate":[79],"EP,":[80],"relieves":[82],"complexity":[85,178],"exact":[88,140],"while":[90],"maintaining":[91],"good":[93],"performance.":[94],"Particularly,":[95],"moment":[98],"matching":[99],"equations":[100],"reformulated":[102],"to":[103,120,188],"simplify":[104],"sequential":[106],"updating":[107],"procedure.":[108],"addition,":[110],"an":[111],"approximation":[112],"channel-hardening":[116,170],"phenomenon":[117],"eliminate":[121],"iteration.":[127],"Numerical":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"that,":[131],"for":[132],"detector":[137],"approaches":[138],"term":[143],"bit-error-rate":[145],"(BER)":[146],"by":[147],"small":[149],"number":[150],"iterations.":[152],"No":[153],"matter":[154],"symmetric":[156],"or":[157],"asymmetric":[158],"configuration,":[160],"it":[161],"outperforms":[162],"other":[163],"variants,":[165],"Gaussian":[166],"tree":[167],"approximation,":[168],"exploiting":[171],"message":[172],"passing.":[173],"An":[174],"analysis":[175],"reveals":[179],"high":[181],"efficiency":[182],"compared":[187],"state-of-the-art":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
