{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911688936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","title":"Automotive Traction Inverters: Current Status and Future Trends","display_name":"Automotive Traction Inverters: Current Status and Future Trends","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911688936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","mag":"2911688936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061979105","display_name":"John Reimers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-2757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Reimers","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-2757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061758855","display_name":"Lea Dorn-Gomba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lea Dorn-Gomba","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-0135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030974526","display_name":"Christopher Mak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079326512","display_name":"Ali Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":346,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99480325,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"3337","last_page":"3350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8594229221343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.8326959609985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction","display_name":"Traction (geology)","score":0.6333580017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.6164630651473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5926603674888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5883244872093201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-electronics","display_name":"Automotive electronics","score":0.5780820846557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-electronics","display_name":"Power electronics","score":0.5115941166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.44730138778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.43606215715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40469974279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33960771560668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1642281413078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.14235329627990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.07539322972297668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8594229221343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.8326959609985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38834483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17000223","display_name":"Traction (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6333580017089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.6164630651473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5926603674888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5883244872093201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449343","display_name":"Automotive electronics","level":3,"score":0.5780820846557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.5115941166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.44730138778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.43606215715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40469974279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33960771560668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1642281413078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14235329627990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.07539322972297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2897899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvrwm90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3466807","https://openalex.org/W50271627","https://openalex.org/W320860753","https://openalex.org/W624383976","https://openalex.org/W1524401369","https://openalex.org/W1584659942","https://openalex.org/W1717891563","https://openalex.org/W1870455673","https://openalex.org/W1905354108","https://openalex.org/W1921674080","https://openalex.org/W1934205999","https://openalex.org/W1950945414","https://openalex.org/W1967738299","https://openalex.org/W1979944532","https://openalex.org/W1988924046","https://openalex.org/W1995295879","https://openalex.org/W1998289922","https://openalex.org/W2001140241","https://openalex.org/W2004930617","https://openalex.org/W2020310766","https://openalex.org/W2027596703","https://openalex.org/W2029699094","https://openalex.org/W2031535254","https://openalex.org/W2037796361","https://openalex.org/W2044464731","https://openalex.org/W2046998299","https://openalex.org/W2047839716","https://openalex.org/W2048036929","https://openalex.org/W2051969659","https://openalex.org/W2066506799","https://openalex.org/W2071905849","https://openalex.org/W2075651883","https://openalex.org/W2078913378","https://openalex.org/W2084118989","https://openalex.org/W2089312657","https://openalex.org/W2101801985","https://openalex.org/W2102893659","https://openalex.org/W2108839118","https://openalex.org/W2109738051","https://openalex.org/W2113531425","https://openalex.org/W2116444921","https://openalex.org/W2128624488","https://openalex.org/W2128627041","https://openalex.org/W2130518577","https://openalex.org/W2131891757","https://openalex.org/W2135351786","https://openalex.org/W2137265371","https://openalex.org/W2138750320","https://openalex.org/W2138805222","https://openalex.org/W2139981813","https://openalex.org/W2141917677","https://openalex.org/W2150787442","https://openalex.org/W2151182969","https://openalex.org/W2160506418","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2162305326","https://openalex.org/W2162827174","https://openalex.org/W2163071716","https://openalex.org/W2169391554","https://openalex.org/W2180449530","https://openalex.org/W2217670262","https://openalex.org/W2221388509","https://openalex.org/W2223540019","https://openalex.org/W2241108194","https://openalex.org/W2255242079","https://openalex.org/W2284983671","https://openalex.org/W2293502938","https://openalex.org/W2302040766","https://openalex.org/W2310538645","https://openalex.org/W2326974183","https://openalex.org/W2327765652","https://openalex.org/W2343645032","https://openalex.org/W2344269163","https://openalex.org/W2347149707","https://openalex.org/W2463446273","https://openalex.org/W2474925561","https://openalex.org/W2492277831","https://openalex.org/W2492956379","https://openalex.org/W2497740406","https://openalex.org/W2498471400","https://openalex.org/W2533670403","https://openalex.org/W2563421856","https://openalex.org/W2567872699","https://openalex.org/W2568337134","https://openalex.org/W2587941812","https://openalex.org/W2588163101","https://openalex.org/W2588218422","https://openalex.org/W2605154626","https://openalex.org/W2614204242","https://openalex.org/W2614997100","https://openalex.org/W2615609268","https://openalex.org/W2617537390","https://openalex.org/W2740931275","https://openalex.org/W2743688452","https://openalex.org/W2744198597","https://openalex.org/W2744829680","https://openalex.org/W2752593229","https://openalex.org/W2766084693","https://openalex.org/W2769909291","https://openalex.org/W2770678025","https://openalex.org/W2772972129","https://openalex.org/W2782802736","https://openalex.org/W2798642471","https://openalex.org/W2799112218","https://openalex.org/W2830467510","https://openalex.org/W2888917275","https://openalex.org/W3136643923","https://openalex.org/W3187637893","https://openalex.org/W4231467498","https://openalex.org/W4252178650","https://openalex.org/W4256332503","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6647628182","https://openalex.org/W6655587599","https://openalex.org/W6658346925","https://openalex.org/W6670080895","https://openalex.org/W6689390918","https://openalex.org/W6690462151","https://openalex.org/W6704849408","https://openalex.org/W6730822562","https://openalex.org/W6754516014","https://openalex.org/W6791784809","https://openalex.org/W6810866331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388980375","https://openalex.org/W2142639873","https://openalex.org/W2360794504","https://openalex.org/W2356035581","https://openalex.org/W3097253201","https://openalex.org/W2069654098","https://openalex.org/W4213388056","https://openalex.org/W4236614235","https://openalex.org/W2012972038","https://openalex.org/W2898726617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traction":[0],"inverters":[1,18],"are":[2,57,74],"crucial":[3],"components":[4],"of":[5,39],"modern":[6],"electrified":[7],"automotive":[8,31],"powertrains.":[9],"Advances":[10],"in":[11,54,71,86],"power":[12,24],"electronics":[13],"have":[14],"enabled":[15],"lower":[16],"cost":[17],"with":[19,77],"high":[20],"reliability,":[21],"efficiency,":[22],"and":[23,63,69,83,89],"density,":[25],"suitable":[26],"for":[27],"mass":[28],"market":[29],"consumer":[30],"applications.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"presents":[35],"an":[36],"independent":[37],"review":[38],"the":[40],"state-of-the-art":[41],"traction":[42],"inverter":[43,55],"designs":[44],"from":[45],"several":[46],"production":[47],"vehicles":[48],"across":[49],"multiple":[50],"manufacturers.":[51],"Future":[52],"trends":[53,70,85],"design":[56],"identified":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60],"industry":[61],"examples":[62],"academic":[64],"research.":[65],"Wide":[66],"bandgap":[67],"devices":[68],"device":[72],"packaging":[73],"discussed":[75],"along":[76],"active":[78],"gate":[79],"driver":[80],"implementations,":[81],"current":[82],"future":[84],"system":[87],"integration,":[88],"advanced":[90],"manufacturing":[91],"techniques.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}