{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910227427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","title":"Shades of White: Impacts of Population Dynamics and TV Viewership on Available TV Spectrum","display_name":"Shades of White: Impacts of Population Dynamics and TV Viewership on Available TV Spectrum","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910227427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","mag":"2910227427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026528598","display_name":"Zhongyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059212413","display_name":"Mehmet C. Vuran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-6611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet C. Vuran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077765654","display_name":"Demet Batur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demet Batur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082165966","display_name":"Eylem Ekici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-8951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eylem Ekici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026528598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80564822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"3","first_page":"2427","last_page":"2442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.7320038676261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5961720943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5553994178771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46193042397499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4582618176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42914292216300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.24241924285888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1673099398612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15571317076683044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.7320038676261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5961720943450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5553994178771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46193042397499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4582618176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42914292216300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.24241924285888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1673099398612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15571317076683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2019.2892867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488584612","https://openalex.org/W1513283015","https://openalex.org/W1568989189","https://openalex.org/W1570317299","https://openalex.org/W1828139343","https://openalex.org/W1965014932","https://openalex.org/W1965842222","https://openalex.org/W1989881065","https://openalex.org/W1992901836","https://openalex.org/W1995808037","https://openalex.org/W1997103267","https://openalex.org/W2005829247","https://openalex.org/W2015198187","https://openalex.org/W2017651078","https://openalex.org/W2027734923","https://openalex.org/W2029756279","https://openalex.org/W2039688938","https://openalex.org/W2046671874","https://openalex.org/W2048319003","https://openalex.org/W2049468127","https://openalex.org/W2060409964","https://openalex.org/W2063196025","https://openalex.org/W2066452435","https://openalex.org/W2082311026","https://openalex.org/W2086925915","https://openalex.org/W2091542832","https://openalex.org/W2103672493","https://openalex.org/W2106020190","https://openalex.org/W2109159967","https://openalex.org/W2127593435","https://openalex.org/W2136894269","https://openalex.org/W2141538767","https://openalex.org/W2143179581","https://openalex.org/W2143979334","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2145834990","https://openalex.org/W2159767430","https://openalex.org/W2169803737","https://openalex.org/W2170130746","https://openalex.org/W2171619046","https://openalex.org/W2234329616","https://openalex.org/W2242047044","https://openalex.org/W2266221437","https://openalex.org/W2296131367","https://openalex.org/W2504747781","https://openalex.org/W2505036611","https://openalex.org/W2582066480","https://openalex.org/W2613222542","https://openalex.org/W2748137522","https://openalex.org/W2767569826","https://openalex.org/W2950627632","https://openalex.org/W2964278467","https://openalex.org/W4213346616","https://openalex.org/W4255170875","https://openalex.org/W4299578957","https://openalex.org/W6634270957","https://openalex.org/W6675694211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W1985250594","https://openalex.org/W2080599847","https://openalex.org/W2372188366","https://openalex.org/W58703485","https://openalex.org/W4280499399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"regulations":[1],"leave":[2],"a":[3,141,162],"few":[4],"television":[5],"(TV)":[6],"white":[7],"spaces":[8],"in":[9,25,152,193],"populated":[10],"urban":[11],"areas":[12],"where":[13],"spectrum":[14,35,78,91,138,167],"shortage":[15],"is":[16,47,111],"mostly":[17],"experienced.":[18],"As":[19],"TV":[20,30,34,39,54,64,99],"set":[21],"feedback":[22,89],"becomes":[23],"essential":[24],"the":[26,51,60,73,131,137,153,158,179],"next":[27],"generation":[28],"terrestrial":[29],"standard,":[31],"an":[32],"opportunistic":[33],"sharing":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,57],"receiver":[40,65],"activity":[41],"information":[42],"and":[43,79,96,104,118,124,134,148,169,181,196],"transmit":[44],"power":[45,108],"control":[46,109],"proposed":[48,107,159],"to":[49,71,129,189,199],"exploit":[50],"underutilized":[52],"active":[53],"channels.":[55],"Based":[56],"investigation":[58],"of":[59,63,76,84,98,165,172,183],"spatial-spectral-temporal":[61],"characteristics":[62],"activities,":[66],"analytical":[67],"models":[68,133],"are":[69,102,127],"developed":[70,132],"capture":[72],"spatio-temporal":[74],"distributions":[75],"available":[77],"corresponding":[80],"capacity.":[81],"The":[82,106],"influence":[83],"multiple":[85],"factors,":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"delay,":[90],"handover":[92],"overhead,":[93],"ranking":[94],"order,":[95],"distribution":[97],"channel":[100],"popularity":[101],"discussed":[103],"modeled.":[105],"mechanism":[110],"verified":[112],"through":[113],"experiments":[114],"at":[115],"representative":[116],"campus":[117],"residential":[119],"environments.":[120],"Empirical":[121],"data-based":[122],"simulations":[123],"geographic":[125],"analyses":[126],"conducted":[128],"evaluate":[130],"further":[135,191],"profile":[136],"opportunities":[139],"within":[140],"cell,":[142],"across":[143],"New":[144],"York":[145],"city":[146],"(NYC)":[147],"other":[149],"273":[150],"cities":[151],"United":[154],"States.":[155],"In":[156],"NYC,":[157],"solution":[160],"provides":[161],"3.8-11.7-fold":[163],"increase":[164,171],"average":[166],"availability,":[168],"2.5-6.6-fold":[170],"capacity":[173],"from":[174],"current":[175],"regulations.":[176],"By":[177],"investigating":[178],"feasibility":[180],"prospects":[182],"this":[184,186],"approach,":[185],"paper":[187],"intends":[188],"motivate":[190],"discussions":[192],"policy,":[194],"business,":[195],"privacy":[197],"aspects":[198],"reach":[200],"its":[201],"significant":[202],"potential.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}