{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905039972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","title":"Sizing of Modular Cascade Machines System for Electric Vehicles","display_name":"Sizing of Modular Cascade Machines System for Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905039972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","mag":"2905039972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04637628v1/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086900814","display_name":"Kaibo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaibo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-2562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112308934","display_name":"Shouliang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouliang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085986798","display_name":"Shumei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068195662","display_name":"Alain Bouscayrol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-939X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Bouscayrol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-939X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086900814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72455179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"1278","last_page":"1287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.9541159272193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6672751307487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.509086549282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44986841082572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.44265273213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-machine","display_name":"Electric machine","score":0.43855106830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.42748844623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4135127663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.37422817945480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32015275955200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12477627396583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.10008800029754639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.9541159272193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6672751307487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.509086549282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44986841082572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.44265273213386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951504","display_name":"Electric machine","level":3,"score":0.43855106830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42748844623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4135127663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.37422817945480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32015275955200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12477627396583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.10008800029754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2886402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04637628v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04637628","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04637628v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68 (2), pp.1278-1287. ⟨10.1109/TVT.2018.2886402⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04637628v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04637628","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04637628v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68 (2), pp.1278-1287. ⟨10.1109/TVT.2018.2886402⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2414511532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0102400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5012160749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0103903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905039972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2905039972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566601660","https://openalex.org/W1498015401","https://openalex.org/W1552505253","https://openalex.org/W1585699440","https://openalex.org/W1915115545","https://openalex.org/W1972837841","https://openalex.org/W2000819640","https://openalex.org/W2007003164","https://openalex.org/W2019708972","https://openalex.org/W2033363829","https://openalex.org/W2037600830","https://openalex.org/W2042794726","https://openalex.org/W2048886037","https://openalex.org/W2068030387","https://openalex.org/W2069198410","https://openalex.org/W2069882147","https://openalex.org/W2073371184","https://openalex.org/W2096303979","https://openalex.org/W2110846956","https://openalex.org/W2126896266","https://openalex.org/W2129104824","https://openalex.org/W2137994276","https://openalex.org/W2145169572","https://openalex.org/W2153064737","https://openalex.org/W2154363361","https://openalex.org/W2163433979","https://openalex.org/W2164199163","https://openalex.org/W2167253572","https://openalex.org/W2171847350","https://openalex.org/W2304028734","https://openalex.org/W2344995793","https://openalex.org/W2495433958","https://openalex.org/W2551412390","https://openalex.org/W2566281468","https://openalex.org/W2570736401","https://openalex.org/W2601228408","https://openalex.org/W2605860295","https://openalex.org/W2746128055","https://openalex.org/W2751610156","https://openalex.org/W2765997572","https://openalex.org/W2770505805","https://openalex.org/W2793375259","https://openalex.org/W2796369009","https://openalex.org/W3020105602","https://openalex.org/W3156013811","https://openalex.org/W4251923622","https://openalex.org/W4252269865","https://openalex.org/W6629737099","https://openalex.org/W6667743224","https://openalex.org/W6731414345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2393487946","https://openalex.org/W2373310108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modular":[0],"cascade":[1],"machines":[2,69,193],"(MCM),":[3],"as":[4,37,196],"a":[5,148,197],"new":[6],"multi-machine":[7,230],"system,":[8],"are":[9,35,52,98,128,169,184],"expected":[10],"to":[11,55,67],"be":[12,106,206,223],"applied":[13],"for":[14,40,136,180,208,225],"electric":[15],"vehicles":[16],"(EVs).":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"focuses":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,53,118,137,164,172,181,187,190,214,226],"sizing":[23,153,156,168,178,220],"of":[24,122,144,150,166,192,199,229],"MCM":[25,28,33,48,138],"systems.":[26,231],"Expanding":[27],"high-efficiency":[29],"area":[30],"and":[31,47,84,96,104,140],"reducing":[32],"mass":[34,49],"selected":[36],"optimization":[38,157],"targets":[39],"sizing.":[41],"The":[42,62,111,125,142,155,202,219],"proposed":[43,126,195],"machine":[44,60,145,211],"efficiency":[45,63,70,120],"map":[46],"evaluation":[50,64],"methods":[51,127],"means":[54],"achieve":[56],"this":[57],"goal":[58],"without":[59],"pre-design.":[61,141],"method":[65,112,216,221],"enables":[66],"evaluate":[68],"maps":[71,121],"only":[72],"with":[73,117,171],"four":[74],"basic":[75],"design":[76,212],"specifications":[77,204],"(rated":[78],"speed,":[79],"rated":[80],"torque,":[81],"overload":[82],"factor,":[83],"speed":[85],"expansion":[86],"ratio).":[87],"Neither":[88],"finite":[89],"element":[90],"(FE)":[91],"nor":[92],"experimental":[93,119],"data":[94],"(inductance":[95],"resistance)":[97],"used.":[99],"Its":[100],"calculation":[101],"is":[102,113,134,158,194],"fast":[103],"can":[105],"finished":[107],"within":[108],"several":[109],"milliseconds.":[110],"validated":[114],"by":[115,160,213],"comparisons":[116,165],"two":[123],"prototypes.":[124],"proven":[129],"having":[130],"an":[131],"accuracy":[132],"that":[133],"acceptable":[135],"definition":[139],"exemption":[143],"pre-design":[146],"saves":[147],"lot":[149],"time":[151],"during":[152],"stage.":[154],"realized":[159],"genetic":[161],"algorithm.":[162],"And":[163],"different":[167],"conducted":[170],"same":[173],"vehicle":[174],"model.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"general":[177],"rules":[179],"similar":[182],"EVs":[183],"proposed.":[185],"For":[186],"studied":[188],"EV,":[189],"number":[191],"function":[198],"traction":[200],"power.":[201],"sized":[203],"could":[205,222],"used":[207],"more":[209],"accurate":[210],"FE":[215],"in":[217],"future.":[218],"extended":[224],"other":[227],"kind":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}