{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889523517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","title":"Directional Reference Signal Design for 5G Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems","display_name":"Directional Reference Signal Design for 5G Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889523517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","mag":"2889523517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056683420","display_name":"Chung-Wei Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Wei Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-8056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003870611","display_name":"Biswa P. S. Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-3489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biswa P. S. Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-3489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045339787","display_name":"Hung\u2010Yu Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-306X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung-Yu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-306X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102106192","display_name":"Chia-Hao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148979","display_name":"MediaTek (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MediaTek Inc., Hsinchu City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediaTek Inc., Hsinchu City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78615821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"10740","last_page":"10751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6273610591888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6272279024124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6058191061019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.605679452419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6008270978927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.531134307384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5303509831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.526587188243866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5251145958900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4826672375202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4698428511619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.44188302755355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42572763562202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.42246532440185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3265719413757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2626901865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10113406181335449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6273610591888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6272279024124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6058191061019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.605679452419281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6008270978927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.531134307384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5303509831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.526587188243866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5251145958900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4826672375202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4698428511619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.44188302755355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42572763562202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.42246532440185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3265719413757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2626901865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10113406181335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2868087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2816449348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 103-2622-E-002-034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5321895046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2221-E-002-014-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W779733492","https://openalex.org/W1541581184","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1917463349","https://openalex.org/W1925759446","https://openalex.org/W1953553238","https://openalex.org/W1987804395","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W1999153524","https://openalex.org/W2019286143","https://openalex.org/W2035330915","https://openalex.org/W2062157062","https://openalex.org/W2102803874","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2124341597","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2183911578","https://openalex.org/W2207932548","https://openalex.org/W2278865433","https://openalex.org/W2281499751","https://openalex.org/W2545289808","https://openalex.org/W2724191955","https://openalex.org/W2754789606","https://openalex.org/W2769688048","https://openalex.org/W2787149668","https://openalex.org/W2866725074","https://openalex.org/W2890105027","https://openalex.org/W2963568889","https://openalex.org/W2964273971","https://openalex.org/W2964289208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786534237","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W2583418925","https://openalex.org/W3125936868","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W1989270073","https://openalex.org/W2980078855","https://openalex.org/W2584407738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"frequency":[3],"bands":[4],"offer":[5],"a":[6,56,63,120,136,166],"new":[7],"frontier":[8],"for":[9,62,86,138],"cellular":[10,65],"wireless":[11],"systems":[12],"to":[13,29,77,108],"enable":[14,109],"multigigabit":[15],"communication.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,35,45,79,101,140,158],"availability":[19],"and":[20,40,94,146,153],"reliability":[21],"of":[22,37,47,74,103,115,123,172],"mmWave":[23,64],"links":[24,39],"are":[25],"significantly":[26],"limited":[27],"due":[28],"its":[30],"propagation":[31],"characteristics.":[32],"To":[33],"mitigate":[34],"impact":[36],"such":[38],"provide":[41,135],"uninterrupted":[42],"network":[43],"services,":[44],"study":[46],"changing":[48],"link":[49],"condition":[50],"is":[51,76,107],"important.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"reference":[57],"signal":[58],"(RS)":[59],"transmission":[60,112,144],"scheme":[61,106,160],"system":[66],"using":[67],"highly":[68],"directional":[69],"antenna":[70],"beams.":[71],"The":[72],"aim":[73],"RS":[75,111,124,143,147],"estimate":[78],"channel":[80,95],"condition,":[81],"which":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"used":[85],"various":[87],"purposes,":[88],"e.g.,":[89],"initial":[90],"access,":[91],"beam":[92],"alignment,":[93],"state":[96],"information":[97],"measurement.":[98],"In":[99,132],"particular,":[100],"objective":[102],"our":[104],"proposed":[105,159],"efficient":[110],"in":[113,165],"terms":[114],"angular":[116],"coverage":[117],"while":[118],"ensuring":[119],"fair":[121],"number":[122,171],"reception":[125],"at":[126],"all":[127],"UEs":[128],"within":[129],"cell":[130],"coverage.":[131],"addition,":[133],"we":[134,155],"framework":[137],"studying":[139],"tradeoff":[141],"between":[142],"overhead":[145],"measurement":[148],"accuracy.":[149],"Through":[150],"theoretical":[151],"analysis":[152],"simulation,":[154],"show":[156],"that":[157],"achieves":[161],"higher":[162],"efficiency,":[163],"especially":[164],"small-cell":[167],"scenario":[168],"with":[169],"smaller":[170],"UE":[173],"presence.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}