{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900826525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","title":"Vehicle Distributions in Large and Small Cities: Spatial Models and Applications","display_name":"Vehicle Distributions in Large and Small Cities: Spatial Models and Applications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900826525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","mag":"2900826525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018587643","display_name":"Qimei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qimei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-220X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387163","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-8656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003896287","display_name":"Martin Haenggi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-0607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Haenggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-0607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96585779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"10176","last_page":"10189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12315","display_name":"Older Adults Driving Studies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11830","display_name":"Point processes and geometric inequalities","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.62830650806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6048778891563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.5821073651313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-process","display_name":"Point process","score":0.5767307877540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.5760643482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cox-process","display_name":"Cox process","score":0.5534025430679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxis","display_name":"Taxis","score":0.5423863530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.5175156593322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.49185729026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.47744232416152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.47403717041015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4329718351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.41980984807014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3010499179363251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22066733241081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19803175330162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19326895475387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17857536673545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-process","display_name":"Poisson process","score":0.15777185559272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.15110933780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.12774375081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.62830650806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6048778891563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.5821073651313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88871306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208287","display_name":"Point process","level":2,"score":0.5767307877540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.5760643482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155051063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1290919","display_name":"Cox process","level":4,"score":0.5534025430679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183373512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949618","display_name":"Taxis","level":2,"score":0.5423863530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.5175156593322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.49185729026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.47744232416152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.47403717041015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4329718351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.41980984807014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3010499179363251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22066733241081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19803175330162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19326895475387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17857536673545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166144826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson process","level":3,"score":0.15777185559272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.15110933780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.12774375081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2865679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4864059411","display_name":"\u53cc\u673a\u5236\u534f\u540c\u4e0b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u5f02\u6784\u878d\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7000009495","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5f02\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u667a\u80fd\u65e0\u7ebf\u63a5\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61631005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114923250","https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W1438369732","https://openalex.org/W1519516901","https://openalex.org/W1519822382","https://openalex.org/W1521306039","https://openalex.org/W1552861460","https://openalex.org/W1963648257","https://openalex.org/W1972326253","https://openalex.org/W1981890344","https://openalex.org/W1999314897","https://openalex.org/W2001500993","https://openalex.org/W2020120583","https://openalex.org/W2034173802","https://openalex.org/W2052021278","https://openalex.org/W2054402644","https://openalex.org/W2069645100","https://openalex.org/W2086081787","https://openalex.org/W2091170938","https://openalex.org/W2096732986","https://openalex.org/W2098427433","https://openalex.org/W2108498890","https://openalex.org/W2110499865","https://openalex.org/W2110896825","https://openalex.org/W2116686835","https://openalex.org/W2143388966","https://openalex.org/W2144806447","https://openalex.org/W2146044034","https://openalex.org/W2156776227","https://openalex.org/W2164140926","https://openalex.org/W2165220401","https://openalex.org/W2166372599","https://openalex.org/W2167353407","https://openalex.org/W2168428394","https://openalex.org/W2542174423","https://openalex.org/W2559166180","https://openalex.org/W2619743090","https://openalex.org/W2775237067","https://openalex.org/W2783884073","https://openalex.org/W4241089278","https://openalex.org/W6631067712","https://openalex.org/W6674563063","https://openalex.org/W6683976703","https://openalex.org/W6684451275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406192116","https://openalex.org/W1674302630","https://openalex.org/W1985655499","https://openalex.org/W1605884181","https://openalex.org/W1573068833","https://openalex.org/W1500167156","https://openalex.org/W2339070281","https://openalex.org/W2228745896","https://openalex.org/W2558244751","https://openalex.org/W2949301777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"applications":[1,20],"based":[2],"on":[3,97,187],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[4],"(V2V)":[5],"communication":[6,26,49,244],"have":[7],"become":[8],"a":[9,64,165],"major":[10],"goal":[11],"toward":[12],"the":[13,19,25,34,45,73,77,124,141,148,174,180,188,193,205,228,235,243,247,253,256,261,265,280,286,291],"intelligent":[14],"transportation.":[15],"The":[16,170,272],"performance":[17,46,245],"of":[18,37,47,56,63,118,131,136,147,150,158,173,182,214,246,255],"is":[21,55,60,85,225,250,275,295],"mainly":[22],"affected":[23],"by":[24,33,123,178,227],"links,":[27],"which":[28,294],"in":[29,106,128,152,155,161,218,264,297],"turn":[30],"are":[31,176],"governed":[32],"topology":[35],"characteristics":[36],"vehicular":[38],"ad":[39],"hoc":[40],"networks":[41],"(VANETs).":[42],"To":[43],"analyze":[44],"V2V":[48,298],"for":[50,102,242,268,289],"VANETs,":[51],"accurate":[52,278],"spatial":[53,98,171,211],"modeling":[54,101,290],"great":[57],"importance.":[58],"There":[59],"an":[61,239],"absence":[62],"widely":[65,78,281],"accepted":[66],"two-dimensional":[67],"(2D)":[68],"model":[69,84,258,274],"that":[70,140,192,252],"well":[71],"characterizes":[72,209],"random":[74,103,215],"vehicle":[75,104,216,292],"locations;":[76],"used":[79,282],"Poisson":[80],"point":[81,99,212],"process":[82,100],"(PPP)":[83],"simple":[86],"but":[87],"not":[88],"close":[89],"to":[90],"reality.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95,190,233],"concentrate":[96],"locations":[105],"large":[107,220],"and":[108,133,221,285],"small":[109,222],"cities,":[110],"performing":[111],"empirical":[112,142,201],"experiments":[113],"with":[114],"real":[115],"location":[116,217],"data":[117],"mobile":[119],"taxi":[120],"trajectories":[121],"recorded":[122],"global":[125],"positioning":[126],"system":[127],"Beijing":[129,159],"city":[130,135],"China":[132],"Porto":[134,162],"Portugal.":[137],"We":[138],"find":[139],"probability":[143],"mass":[144],"functions":[145],"(PMFs)":[146],"number":[149],"taxis":[151],"test":[153],"sets":[154],"different":[156,183],"regions":[157],"or":[160],"all":[163],"follow":[164],"negative":[166],"binomial":[167],"(NB)":[168],"distribution.":[169],"correlations":[172],"points":[175],"established":[177],"comparing":[179],"results":[181],"sampling":[184],"methods.":[185],"Based":[186],"above,":[189],"show":[191],"Log":[194],"Gaussian":[195],"Cox":[196],"Process":[197],"(LGCP)":[198],"model,":[199],"whose":[200],"PMF":[202],"nicely":[203],"fits":[204],"NB":[206],"distribution,":[207,293],"accurately":[208],"diverse":[210],"patterns":[213],"both":[219,269],"cities.":[223,271],"This":[224],"verified":[226],"minimum":[229],"contrast":[230],"method.":[231],"Then,":[232],"study":[234],"node":[236],"degree":[237],"as":[238],"important":[240],"metric":[241],"networks.":[248],"It":[249],"shown":[251],"connectivity":[254,262],"LGCP":[257,273],"closely":[259],"represents":[260],"found":[263],"actual":[266],"data,":[267],"representative":[270],"far":[276],"more":[277],"than":[279],"one-dimensional":[283],"models":[284],"2D":[287],"PPP":[288],"significant":[296],"communication.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}