{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783401216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","title":"Joint Azimuth, Elevation, and Delay Estimation for 3-D Indoor Localization","display_name":"Joint Azimuth, Elevation, and Delay Estimation for 3-D Indoor Localization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783401216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","mag":"2783401216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034251794","display_name":"Fei Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-9611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-9611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032986088","display_name":"Peilin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-2336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043767506","display_name":"Haichao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-8806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073404846","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-3202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066014874","display_name":"Robert C. Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-5525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8761082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"5","first_page":"4248","last_page":"4261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7859691381454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7378267049789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7279537320137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7226413488388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6064519882202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.603990912437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.48963314294815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42501014471054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3631976842880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21887081861495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16166245937347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.15363991260528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.124238520860672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7859691381454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7378267049789429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7279537320137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7226413488388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6064519882202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.603990912437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.48963314294815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42501014471054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3631976842880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21887081861495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16166245937347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.15363991260528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.124238520860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2794322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G137382540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2070960380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1969146847","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W2009619338","https://openalex.org/W2025893605","https://openalex.org/W2028082528","https://openalex.org/W2028609818","https://openalex.org/W2038946940","https://openalex.org/W2074490326","https://openalex.org/W2076838889","https://openalex.org/W2087484019","https://openalex.org/W2095522552","https://openalex.org/W2098452713","https://openalex.org/W2100786767","https://openalex.org/W2104885074","https://openalex.org/W2108807677","https://openalex.org/W2110746348","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2124219047","https://openalex.org/W2124484787","https://openalex.org/W2126752714","https://openalex.org/W2131214999","https://openalex.org/W2131929267","https://openalex.org/W2140728947","https://openalex.org/W2140855769","https://openalex.org/W2144084055","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2152005770","https://openalex.org/W2156668452","https://openalex.org/W2156800675","https://openalex.org/W2157326466","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2200313865","https://openalex.org/W2302264724","https://openalex.org/W2343794604","https://openalex.org/W2549177157","https://openalex.org/W2570095457","https://openalex.org/W2587916227","https://openalex.org/W2963441279","https://openalex.org/W2963830578","https://openalex.org/W2964060007","https://openalex.org/W6635170509","https://openalex.org/W6675836234","https://openalex.org/W6703361570","https://openalex.org/W6725793541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348542094","https://openalex.org/W2097842859","https://openalex.org/W2964887166","https://openalex.org/W2072356891","https://openalex.org/W2081270133","https://openalex.org/W2165157405","https://openalex.org/W2773932882","https://openalex.org/W2954308722","https://openalex.org/W2024335852","https://openalex.org/W2170954560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"localization":[1,52],"in":[2,38,53],"harsh":[3],"indoor":[4,51],"environments":[5],"has":[6,27,43,147],"long":[7,151],"been":[8,148,166],"a":[9,46,75],"challenging":[10],"problem":[11,63],"due":[12],"to":[13,30,101,128,168],"the":[14,28,32,39,62,92,111,130,142,156,170,174,177,183],"presence":[15],"of":[16,64,71,74,132,144,160,176],"multipath.":[17],"Since":[18],"joint":[19,65,116,133,145],"direction-of-arrival":[20],"(DOA)":[21],"and":[22,56,68,94,118,135,173],"time":[23],"delay":[24],"(TD)":[25],"estimation":[26,70,137,146],"capability":[29],"separate":[31],"line-of-sight":[33],"signal":[34],"from":[35],"multipath":[36],"signals":[37],"TD":[40,69,95,119,136],"space,":[41],"it":[42],"recently":[44],"become":[45],"key":[47],"technique":[48],"for":[49,87,115,182],"accurate":[50],"next-generation":[54],"WiFi":[55],"5G":[57],"networks.":[58],"This":[59,98],"paper":[60],"addresses":[61],"azimuth,":[66],"elevation,":[67],"multiple":[72],"reflections":[73],"known":[76],"signal.":[77],"First,":[78],"we":[79,109,124],"propose":[80],"an":[81],"efficient":[82],"approximate":[83],"maximum":[84],"likelihood":[85],"algorithm":[86,99,185],"this":[88],"problem,":[89],"which":[90,123],"updates":[91],"DOA":[93,117,134],"parameters":[96],"alternatingly.":[97],"applies":[100],"arbitrarily":[102],"distributed":[103],"(planar":[104],"or":[105],"3-D)":[106],"arrays.":[107],"Then,":[108],"present":[110],"closed-form":[112],"Cramer-Rao":[113],"bound":[114],"estimation,":[120],"based":[121],"on":[122],"provide":[125],"further":[126],"analysis":[127,154],"show":[129],"benefit":[131,143],"over":[138],"DOA-only":[139],"estimation.":[140],"Although":[141],"empirically":[149],"shown":[150],"ago,":[152],"our":[153],"is":[155,186],"first":[157],"theoretical":[158,171],"proof":[159],"it.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"simulation":[163],"results":[164],"have":[165],"provided":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"finding":[172],"effectiveness":[175],"new":[178,184],"algorithm.":[179],"Matlab":[180],"code":[181],"available":[187],"at":[188],"https://github.com/FWen/JADE.git.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
