{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2515904192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","title":"Higher Order Modes: A Solution for High Gain, Wide Band Patch Antennas for Different Vehicular Applications","display_name":"Higher Order Modes: A Solution for High Gain, Wide Band Patch Antennas for Different Vehicular Applications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2515904192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","mag":"2515904192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011953958","display_name":"Qasim Umar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3665-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qasim Umar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082262332","display_name":"Mojeeb Bin Ihsan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojeeb Bin Ihsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049257507","display_name":"Dilaawaiz Fazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-5675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilaawaiz Fazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074373684","display_name":"F. M. Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazal Mumtaz Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054216307","display_name":"Shahzad Amin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad A. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098099638","display_name":"Salman Masuad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Masuad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011953958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97820742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6892758011817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-gain-antenna","display_name":"High-gain antenna","score":0.6179429888725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.596036434173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.5523281693458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.5406171679496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5281767249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4538392722606659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-gain","display_name":"Antenna gain","score":0.45226991176605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku band","score":0.4520523250102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.44031602144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.43518996238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4255712032318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4049971103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35618528723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34599775075912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29989832639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2748067378997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.24960261583328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.23513033986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.20312294363975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19041776657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.14276596903800964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6892758011817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61829901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"High-gain antenna","level":2,"score":0.6179429888725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.596036434173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.5523281693458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.5406171679496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5281767249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4538392722606659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.45226991176605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779383134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306639","display_name":"Ku band","level":2,"score":0.4520523250102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.44031602144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.43518996238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4255712032318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4049971103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35618528723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34599775075912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29989832639694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2748067378997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.24960261583328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.23513033986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.20312294363975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19041776657104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.14276596903800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2604004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930642488","https://openalex.org/W1963703858","https://openalex.org/W1970605092","https://openalex.org/W1994010884","https://openalex.org/W2011472971","https://openalex.org/W2013315168","https://openalex.org/W2013673424","https://openalex.org/W2018401380","https://openalex.org/W2019617795","https://openalex.org/W2023760260","https://openalex.org/W2028644393","https://openalex.org/W2040644879","https://openalex.org/W2050027613","https://openalex.org/W2056818950","https://openalex.org/W2067710141","https://openalex.org/W2078285174","https://openalex.org/W2106848182","https://openalex.org/W2118881033","https://openalex.org/W2119788462","https://openalex.org/W2127620297","https://openalex.org/W2133959663","https://openalex.org/W2147733484","https://openalex.org/W2160636458","https://openalex.org/W2160660644","https://openalex.org/W2164184547","https://openalex.org/W2287929644","https://openalex.org/W2985849463","https://openalex.org/W3006273757","https://openalex.org/W4238163481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347094538","https://openalex.org/W3080862793","https://openalex.org/W2076488629","https://openalex.org/W2911553855","https://openalex.org/W2041750598","https://openalex.org/W2038782065","https://openalex.org/W2367097335","https://openalex.org/W2362214969","https://openalex.org/W3091484830","https://openalex.org/W2553531126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-gain":[0],"and":[1,10,47,81,109,129,188],"narrow":[2,48],"bandwidth":[3],"problems":[4,20,43],"are":[5,54,65,85,124],"associated":[6,86],"with":[7,16,87,150,168],"patch":[8,31,103],"antennas,":[9],"due":[11],"to":[12,132],"their":[13],"inverse":[14],"relation":[15],"each":[17],"other,":[18],"these":[19],"cannot":[21],"be":[22],"improved":[23],"simultaneously.":[24],"It":[25],"is":[26,104,175],"well":[27],"understood":[28],"that":[29,51],"the":[30,35,42,52,62,74,88,102,114,127,134,140,155,158],"antenna":[32,138],"excited":[33,55],"at":[34],"higher":[36,89,95],"order":[37,90,96],"modes":[38,53,97],"(HOMs)":[39],"can":[40],"overcome":[41],"of":[44,94,101,111,147,152,165,170],"low":[45],"gain":[46,146,164],"bandwidth,":[49,153],"provided":[50],"properly.":[56],"For":[57],"a":[58,120,144,162],"given":[59,99],"geometry,":[60],"all":[61],"resonant":[63],"frequencies":[64],"related":[66],"in":[67,98,126,139,157,178,194],"fixed":[68],"ratios,":[69],"providing":[70],"no":[71],"flexibility":[72],"for":[73,181],"designer.":[75],"Furthermore,":[76],"high":[77],"side":[78],"lobe":[79],"levels":[80],"undesirable":[82],"radiation":[83],"patterns":[84],"modes.":[91],"The":[92,137,172],"excitation":[93],"dimensions":[100],"achieved":[105],"by":[106],"surface":[107],"modification":[108],"loading":[110],"slots":[112],"on":[113,119],"patch.":[115],"Two":[116],"antennas":[117,180],"based":[118],"novel":[121],"design":[122,173],"procedure":[123,174],"discussed":[125],"Ku":[128,159],"Ka":[130,141],"bands":[131],"validate":[133],"proposed":[135],"facts.":[136],"band":[142,160],"has":[143,161],"peak":[145,163],"8.5":[148],"dBi":[149,167],"15.14%":[151],"while":[154],"one":[156],"11.84":[166],"17.6%":[169],"bandwidth.":[171],"particularly":[176],"important":[177],"designing":[179],"applications":[182],"like":[183],"mobile":[184],"satellite":[185],"communication,":[186],"wideband":[187],"multimedia":[189],"applications,":[190],"collision":[191],"avoidance":[192],"systems":[193],"vehicles,":[195],"etc.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}