{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296826604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","title":"Comparative Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Control of Modular Battery for Thermal and State-of-Charge Balancing","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Control of Modular Battery for Thermal and State-of-Charge Balancing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296826604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","mag":"2296826604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/231165/local_231165.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041013020","display_name":"Faisal Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-2409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automatic Control Group, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Group, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053881524","display_name":"Bo Egardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Egardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automatic Control Group, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Group, Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041013020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8353,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86648921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"4","first_page":"2927","last_page":"2941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6472705602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6067906618118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.588217556476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5627029538154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.5625487565994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5281702876091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.43104150891304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4175553321838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.385320246219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3783884346485138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35331404209136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34846413135528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2402670979499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.187147319316864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10532486438751221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6472705602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6067906618118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.588217556476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5627029538154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.5625487565994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5281702876091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43104150891304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4175553321838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.385320246219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3783884346485138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35331404209136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34846413135528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2402670979499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.187147319316864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10532486438751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2587720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:231165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/231165","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/231165/local_231165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:231165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/231165-comparative-analysis-of-unipolar-and-bipolar-control-of-modular-battery-for-thermal-and-state-of-cha","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal.PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:231165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/231165","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/231165/local_231165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2296826604.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68113071","https://openalex.org/W184665696","https://openalex.org/W1964935880","https://openalex.org/W1969245665","https://openalex.org/W2000018540","https://openalex.org/W2005646451","https://openalex.org/W2016953668","https://openalex.org/W2023184971","https://openalex.org/W2028142841","https://openalex.org/W2030071248","https://openalex.org/W2035888445","https://openalex.org/W2038661098","https://openalex.org/W2048880932","https://openalex.org/W2065788296","https://openalex.org/W2071608862","https://openalex.org/W2077937117","https://openalex.org/W2079985616","https://openalex.org/W2094111096","https://openalex.org/W2116064024","https://openalex.org/W2117179876","https://openalex.org/W2125884948","https://openalex.org/W2149394568","https://openalex.org/W2150740444","https://openalex.org/W2162644402","https://openalex.org/W2164199163","https://openalex.org/W2184612164","https://openalex.org/W2190621530","https://openalex.org/W2328940879","https://openalex.org/W7074221036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994228036","https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W4385625847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"and":[1,39,55,128,185,192],"state-of-charge":[2],"(SOC)":[3],"imbalance":[4],"is":[5,22,105,119,181],"a":[6,23,36,64,80,108,122,131,182],"well-known":[7],"issue":[8],"that":[9,144],"causes":[10],"nonuniform":[11],"aging":[12],"in":[13,49,130,203],"batteries.":[14],"The":[15,58,87,116,140,165],"modular":[16,37],"battery":[17,38,103],"based":[18],"on":[19,121],"cascaded":[20],"converters":[21],"potential":[24],"solution":[25,187],"to":[26],"this":[27],"problem.":[28,115],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"bipolar":[32,69],"control":[33,46,114,117,134],"(BPC)":[34],"of":[35,51,63,93,111,162,212],"compares":[40],"it":[41],"with":[42,84,208],"previously":[43],"proposed":[44],"unipolar":[45,85],"(UPC)":[47],"mode":[48],"terms":[50],"thermal/SOC":[52],"balancing":[53,113,154,175],"performance":[54,155],"energy":[56],"efficiency.":[57,164],"BPC":[59,199],"needs":[60,79],"four-quadrant":[61],"operation":[62],"full-bridge":[65],"(FB)":[66],"converter":[67,83],"using":[68,137],"pulsewidth":[70],"modulation":[71],"(PWM)":[72],"inside":[73],"each":[74],"module,":[75],"whereas":[76,197],"UPC":[77,157,166,180],"only":[78],"half-bridge":[81],"(HB)":[82],"PWM.":[86],"BPC,":[88,145],"unlike":[89],"UPC,":[90],"enables":[91],"charging":[92],"some":[94],"cells":[95],"while":[96],"discharging":[97],"others.":[98],"An":[99],"averaged":[100],"state-space":[101],"electrothermal":[102],"model":[104,132],"derived":[106],"for":[107,173,188],"convex":[109],"formulation":[110],"the":[112,160,179,198],"problem":[118],"formulated":[120],"constrained":[123],"linear":[124],"quadratic":[125],"(LQ)":[126],"form":[127],"solved":[129],"predictive":[133],"(MPC)":[135],"framework":[136],"one-step-ahead":[138],"prediction.":[139],"simulation":[141],"results":[142],"show":[143],"without":[146],"even":[147],"requiring":[148],"load":[149,206],"current":[150,170,210],"variations,":[151],"gives":[152],"better":[153],"than":[156],"but":[158],"at":[159,168],"cost":[161],"reduced":[163],"requires":[167],"least":[169],"direction":[171],"reversal":[172],"acceptable":[174],"performance.":[176],"In":[177],"short,":[178],"more":[183],"cost-":[184],"energy-efficient":[186],"electric":[189],"vehicle":[190],"(EV)":[191],"plug-in":[193],"hybrid":[194],"EV":[195],"applications,":[196],"can":[200],"be":[201],"beneficial":[202],"applications":[204],"involving":[205],"cycles":[207],"high":[209],"pulses":[211],"long":[213],"duration.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
