{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2279956796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","title":"Energy-Efficient Localization and Tracking of Mobile Devices in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Localization and Tracking of Mobile Devices in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2279956796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","mag":"2279956796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08327","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kan Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huijian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld., Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuemin Sherman Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Sherman Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.971899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"2714","last_page":"2726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.8701000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.8701000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7682999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5094000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.47119998931884766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7682999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5094000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47119998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7091991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149548","display_name":"Mobile wireless sensor network","level":5,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2584104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1602.08327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.08327","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1602.08327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.08327","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7185348538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61331009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8131477871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014ZD03-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608826770","https://openalex.org/W1964772118","https://openalex.org/W1965182037","https://openalex.org/W1989497967","https://openalex.org/W1990450256","https://openalex.org/W1991762554","https://openalex.org/W1999077254","https://openalex.org/W2002204063","https://openalex.org/W2021539694","https://openalex.org/W2028605150","https://openalex.org/W2030776731","https://openalex.org/W2031208666","https://openalex.org/W2054616818","https://openalex.org/W2058864441","https://openalex.org/W2078493525","https://openalex.org/W2107320182","https://openalex.org/W2110989072","https://openalex.org/W2119516944","https://openalex.org/W2120266201","https://openalex.org/W2129723231","https://openalex.org/W2129901227","https://openalex.org/W2135053460","https://openalex.org/W2144728875","https://openalex.org/W2169803428","https://openalex.org/W2170861485","https://openalex.org/W2287879124","https://openalex.org/W2294748733","https://openalex.org/W2399612147","https://openalex.org/W2962714198","https://openalex.org/W4239958997","https://openalex.org/W6631178199","https://openalex.org/W6669543969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610784363","https://openalex.org/W1492328890","https://openalex.org/W2124749671","https://openalex.org/W2560799597","https://openalex.org/W1583236647","https://openalex.org/W2117081811","https://openalex.org/W1989428219","https://openalex.org/W2064732096","https://openalex.org/W2558708859","https://openalex.org/W2100699428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1],"networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"are":[4,57],"effective":[5],"for":[6,53],"locating":[7],"and":[8,11,33,39,55,71,113,133],"tracking":[9,46,56],"people":[10],"objects":[12],"in":[13,59,86,95,128],"various":[14],"industrial":[15],"environments.":[16],"Since":[17],"energy":[18,64,101,134],"consumption":[19],"is":[20,73,118],"critical":[21],"to":[22,42,120],"prolonging":[23],"the":[24,76,81,92,114,122],"lifespan":[25],"of":[26,47,124,130],"WSNs,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"an":[30],"energy-efficient":[31],"LOcalization":[32],"Tracking":[34],"(eLOT)":[35],"system,":[36],"using":[37],"low-cost":[38],"portable":[40],"hardware":[41],"enable":[43],"highly":[44],"accurate":[45],"targets.":[48],"Various":[49],"fingerprint":[50],"based":[51,79,109],"approaches":[52],"localization":[54,131],"implemented":[58],"eLOT.":[60],"To":[61],"achieve":[62],"high":[63],"efficiency,":[65],"a":[66,96,107],"network-level":[67],"scheme":[68,127],"coordinating":[69],"collision":[70],"interference":[72],"proposed.":[74],"On":[75],"other":[77],"hand,":[78],"on":[80,110],"location":[82],"information,":[83],"mobile":[84],"devices":[85],"eLOT":[87],"can":[88],"quickly":[89],"associate":[90],"with":[91],"specific":[93],"channel":[94],"given":[97],"area,":[98],"while":[99],"saving":[100],"by":[102],"avoiding":[103],"unnecessary":[104],"transmission.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"platform":[108],"TI":[111],"CC2530":[112],"Linux":[115],"operating":[116],"system":[117],"built":[119],"demonstrate":[121],"effectiveness":[123],"our":[125],"proposed":[126],"terms":[129],"accuracy":[132],"efficiency.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}