{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2411053396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","title":"Sensing and Recognition for Multiple-Primary-Power-Level Scenario With Noise Uncertainty","display_name":"Sensing and Recognition for Multiple-Primary-Power-Level Scenario With Noise Uncertainty","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2411053396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","mag":"2411053396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050402661","display_name":"Feifei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737734","display_name":"Chen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080549266","display_name":"Qian Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4583-7598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375792","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technologies and Systems, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050402661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80646637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"2289","last_page":"2300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8249574303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.6785287857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","score":0.661664605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.612581729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.611773669719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6102695465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.549218475818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5375760197639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5174242258071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.5149570107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45391610264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44047868251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4267463684082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4221470355987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3915140926837921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36503440141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2668924927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2589872479438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23657923936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21839478611946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13352447748184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12527331709861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.12469649314880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09594535827636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.09464731812477112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8249574303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.6785287857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9483764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","level":2,"score":0.661664605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.612581729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.611773669719696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6102695465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.549218475818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5375760197639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5174242258071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.5149570107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45391610264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44047868251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4267463684082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4221470355987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3915140926837921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36503440141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2668924927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2589872479438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23657923936843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21839478611946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13352447748184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12527331709861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.12469649314880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09594535827636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.09464731812477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2574873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2900680345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61422109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6007525311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CB336600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8616498718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61531011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509310934","https://openalex.org/W1971809275","https://openalex.org/W1985184201","https://openalex.org/W2003985046","https://openalex.org/W2016259976","https://openalex.org/W2053014578","https://openalex.org/W2058074751","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2075530143","https://openalex.org/W2084436032","https://openalex.org/W2097670862","https://openalex.org/W2102047175","https://openalex.org/W2106673869","https://openalex.org/W2113749736","https://openalex.org/W2130264299","https://openalex.org/W2134330484","https://openalex.org/W2135115617","https://openalex.org/W2138144521","https://openalex.org/W2146302771","https://openalex.org/W2147055028","https://openalex.org/W2147153302","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W2171046349","https://openalex.org/W2172139273","https://openalex.org/W2230877447","https://openalex.org/W3143156066","https://openalex.org/W6680333576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2421672310","https://openalex.org/W2149454299","https://openalex.org/W1598912986","https://openalex.org/W2021052909","https://openalex.org/W2090000067","https://openalex.org/W2058889435","https://openalex.org/W3099983193","https://openalex.org/W3140164265","https://openalex.org/W2125726847","https://openalex.org/W2107245788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,174],"this":[1,113],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,80,159,177],"consider":[4],"spectrum":[5,164],"sensing":[6,165],"in":[7,54,112,127],"a":[8,105,162],"new":[9,114],"cognitive":[10],"radio":[11],"(CR)":[12],"scenario":[13,116],"where":[14,27],"the":[15,28,32,42,49,55,63,71,74,88,95,100,122,128,150,156,169,175],"primary":[16],"user":[17,34],"(PU)":[18],"could":[19],"possibly":[20],"transmit":[21],"with":[22],"multiple":[23],"power":[24,30,66,109,138],"levels":[25,139],"and":[26,92,99,135,167],"noise":[29],"at":[31],"secondary":[33],"(SU)":[35],"side":[36],"is":[37,44,86],"uncertain.":[38],"The":[39],"target":[40],"for":[41],"SU":[43],"not":[45],"only":[46],"to":[47,61,146],"detect":[48],"presence":[50],"of":[51,73],"PU,":[52],"as":[53,68],"conventional":[56,129],"\u201con-off\u201d":[57],"CR":[58,115,131],"scenario,":[59],"but":[60],"identify":[62],"PU's":[64],"transmitting":[65],"level":[67],"well.":[69],"With":[70],"aid":[72],"generalized":[75],"likelihood":[76],"ratio":[77,124],"test":[78],"(GLRT),":[79],"prove":[81],"that":[82,117],"energy":[83],"detection":[84,90],"(ED)":[85],"still":[87],"optimal":[89],"technique":[91],"then":[93],"derive":[94,168],"closed-form":[96],"decision":[97],"thresholds":[98],"corresponding":[101,170],"analytical":[102,171],"performance.":[103],"Interestingly,":[104],"unique":[106],"phenomenon":[107],"called":[108],"ambiguity":[110],"arises":[111],"demands":[118],"careful":[119],"investigation.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"signal-to-noise":[123],"(SNR)":[125],"wall":[126],"binary":[130],"also":[132],"exists":[133],"here":[134],"separates":[136],"all":[137],"into":[140],"two":[141],"groups:":[142],"One":[143],"group":[144],"leads":[145],"robust":[147],"recognition,":[148],"whereas":[149],"other":[151],"does":[152],"not.":[153],"To":[154],"make":[155],"discussion":[157],"complete,":[158],"further":[160],"design":[161],"cooperative":[163],"scheme":[166],"performance":[172],"expression.":[173],"end,":[176],"validate":[178],"our":[179],"study":[180],"through":[181],"various":[182],"numerical":[183],"results.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
