{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2408070589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","title":"Design of an OFDM Physical Layer Encryption Scheme","display_name":"Design of an OFDM Physical Layer Encryption Scheme","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2408070589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","mag":"2408070589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/38145496/TVT_OFDM_PLE.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717357","display_name":"Junqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-2926"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081759293","display_name":"Alan Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043910265","display_name":"Roger Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-4270"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications, and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100717357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1348,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9670335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"2114","last_page":"2127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8424009680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.8162651062011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6864092350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6828160881996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.5575018525123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5381269454956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43077605962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.429416298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4173651933670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.31830841302871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2193032205104828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12826040387153625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8424009680747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.8162651062011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6864092350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6828160881996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.5575018525123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5381269454956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43077605962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.429416298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4173651933670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.31830841302871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2193032205104828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12826040387153625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2571264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/146f4c95-d050-49ba-8301-7c297e1d55f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/146f4c95-d050-49ba-8301-7c297e1d55f2","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/38145496/TVT_OFDM_PLE.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, J, Marshall, A, Woods, R & Duong, T Q 2017, 'Design of an OFDM Physical Layer Encryption Scheme', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 2114 - 2127. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2571264","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/146f4c95-d050-49ba-8301-7c297e1d55f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/146f4c95-d050-49ba-8301-7c297e1d55f2","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/38145496/TVT_OFDM_PLE.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, J, Marshall, A, Woods, R & Duong, T Q 2017, 'Design of an OFDM Physical Layer Encryption Scheme', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 2114 - 2127. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2016.2571264","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2864483227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","funder_display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3199939175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"USI033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310133","funder_display_name":"Rice University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3878536856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF1415\\14\\22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","funder_display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310133","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320357","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320858","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321832","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2408070589.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2408070589.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252932944","https://openalex.org/W262820864","https://openalex.org/W949353694","https://openalex.org/W1553942146","https://openalex.org/W1568096262","https://openalex.org/W1870509456","https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W1970334960","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2058172255","https://openalex.org/W2087619398","https://openalex.org/W2089373874","https://openalex.org/W2111971663","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2125802182","https://openalex.org/W2136908060","https://openalex.org/W2139985879","https://openalex.org/W2142871236","https://openalex.org/W2150010995","https://openalex.org/W2163383242","https://openalex.org/W2165204198","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2951852997","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W4205533812","https://openalex.org/W4231840195","https://openalex.org/W6684133396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501039677","https://openalex.org/W3161598161","https://openalex.org/W2306672848","https://openalex.org/W2128552819","https://openalex.org/W2166250390","https://openalex.org/W2055131418","https://openalex.org/W4291701075","https://openalex.org/W2369501245","https://openalex.org/W2001310260","https://openalex.org/W1502347072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,40],"new":[4,21,41],"encryption":[5,131],"scheme":[6,22,109,134,160],"implemented":[7],"at":[8],"the":[9,24,36,47,59,68,91,100,141,145,150,159,174],"physical":[10,61,129],"layer":[11,62,130],"of":[12,71,76,117,166],"wireless":[13],"networks":[14],"employing":[15],"orthogonal":[16],"frequency-division":[17],"multiplexing":[18],"(OFDM).":[19],"The":[20,86,133],"obfuscates":[23],"subcarriers":[25,30],"by":[26,39,98,172],"randomly":[27],"reserving":[28],"several":[29],"for":[31,137,162],"dummy":[32],"data":[33],"and":[34,52,73,122,144],"resequences":[35],"training":[37,55],"symbol":[38,56],"secure":[42,51],"sequence.":[43],"Subcarrier":[44],"obfuscation":[45],"renders":[46],"OFDM":[48,128,180],"transmission":[49],"more":[50],"random,":[53],"whereas":[54],"resequencing":[57],"protects":[58],"entire":[60],"packet":[63],"but":[64],"does":[65],"not":[66],"affect":[67],"normal":[69],"functions":[70],"synchronization":[72],"channel":[74],"estimation":[75],"legitimate":[77],"users":[78,138],"while":[79],"preventing":[80],"eavesdroppers":[81],"from":[82],"performing":[83],"these":[84],"functions.":[85],"security":[87,142],"analysis":[88],"shows":[89],"that":[90],"system":[92,181],"is":[93,110],"robust":[94],"to":[95,112,139,149,176],"various":[96],"attacks":[97],"analyzing":[99],"search":[101,118],"space":[102],"using":[103],"an":[104,177],"exhaustive":[105],"key":[106,120,146],"search.":[107],"Our":[108],"shown":[111],"perform":[113],"better":[114],"in":[115,124],"terms":[116],"space,":[119],"rate,":[121],"complexity":[123,155],"comparison":[125],"with":[126],"other":[127],"schemes.":[132],"offers":[135],"options":[136],"customize":[140],"level":[143],"rate":[147],"according":[148],"hardware":[151],"resource.":[152],"Its":[153],"low":[154],"nature":[156],"also":[157],"makes":[158],"suitable":[161],"resource-limited":[163],"devices.":[164],"Details":[165],"practical":[167],"design":[168],"considerations":[169],"are":[170],"highlighted":[171],"applying":[173],"approach":[175],"IEEE":[178],"802.11":[179],"case":[182],"study.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}