{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2314452538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","title":"Delay-Optimal Virtualized Radio Resource Scheduling in Software-Defined Vehicular Networks via Stochastic Learning","display_name":"Delay-Optimal Virtualized Radio Resource Scheduling in Software-Defined Vehicular Networks via Stochastic Learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2314452538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","mag":"2314452538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059386507","display_name":"Qiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-7430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164447","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","ror":"https://ror.org/05hv77153","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164447"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Network Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Network Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4210164447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412656","display_name":"Kan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8531-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Network Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Network Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458457","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, BC, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, BC, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919267","display_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059386507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4210164447"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99208974,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"10","first_page":"7857","last_page":"7867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7059240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.6218650341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5866382718086243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5755267143249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5478647351264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5260391235351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5249210000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4962523579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.48931214213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.4330711364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.4275176227092743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41986048221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3641972541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33862775564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.24529027938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11484849452972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.10057821869850159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7059240341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.6218650341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5866382718086243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5755267143249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5478647351264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5260391235351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5249210000038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4962523579597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.48931214213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.4330711364746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.4275176227092743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41986048221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3641972541809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33862775564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.24529027938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11484849452972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.10057821869850159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2538461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7185348538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61331009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8010772638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016D07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","funder_display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8131477871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014ZD03-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336270","display_name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558897268","https://openalex.org/W1841544193","https://openalex.org/W1967177818","https://openalex.org/W1982731565","https://openalex.org/W1982944214","https://openalex.org/W2007111180","https://openalex.org/W2012201073","https://openalex.org/W2012484142","https://openalex.org/W2013345733","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2050542575","https://openalex.org/W2059041311","https://openalex.org/W2063968252","https://openalex.org/W2079838248","https://openalex.org/W2080555506","https://openalex.org/W2085313649","https://openalex.org/W2098105074","https://openalex.org/W2108137967","https://openalex.org/W2119567691","https://openalex.org/W2138170080","https://openalex.org/W2139583278","https://openalex.org/W2144211846","https://openalex.org/W2148153800","https://openalex.org/W2171310684","https://openalex.org/W2281611560","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2340384825","https://openalex.org/W2399612147","https://openalex.org/W2428120229","https://openalex.org/W2484957131","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765089333","https://openalex.org/W4297311468","https://openalex.org/W2963440157","https://openalex.org/W2898650565","https://openalex.org/W2915882743","https://openalex.org/W2883068039","https://openalex.org/W2964194703","https://openalex.org/W938877235","https://openalex.org/W2297074413","https://openalex.org/W2199202516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,16,58,77,82,158,199],"the":[2,18,35,41,55,60,83,88,194,212],"high":[3],"density":[4],"of":[5,10,20,37,43,47,54,90],"vehicles":[6],"and":[7,74,87,99,176,205],"various":[8],"types":[9],"vehicular":[11,21,64,108,113],"services,":[12],"it":[13,67],"is":[14,50,130,139,156,184,196],"challenging":[15],"guarantee":[17],"quality":[19],"services":[22],"in":[23,29,63],"current":[24],"Long-Term":[25],"Evolution":[26],"(LTE)":[27],"networks":[28],"a":[30,44,70,123],"cost-efficient":[31],"manner.":[32],"Fortunately,":[33],"with":[34],"development":[36],"fifth-generation":[38],"(5G)":[39],"technology,":[40],"installation":[42],"large":[45,188],"number":[46],"small":[48],"cells":[49],"foreseen":[51],"as":[52,141],"one":[53],"practical":[56],"ways":[57],"achieve":[59],"low-delay":[61],"requirement":[62],"environments.":[65],"However,":[66],"may":[68],"cause":[69],"huge":[71],"operating":[72],"expense":[73],"capital":[75],"expenditure":[76],"mobile":[78],"network":[79,114],"operators":[80],"due":[81],"limited":[84],"backhaul":[85],"capacity":[86],"explosion":[89],"signaling.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,119],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"integrate":[96],"software-defined":[97,111],"networking":[98],"radio":[100,126],"resource":[101,127,173,179],"virtualization":[102,172,178],"into":[103,167],"an":[104,142,152],"LTE":[105],"system":[106,121],"for":[107],"networks,":[109],"i.e.,":[110,170],"heterogeneous":[112],"(SERVICE)":[115],".":[116],"Based":[117],"on":[118,187],"proposed":[120,131,162,213],"framework,":[122],"delay-optimal":[124],"virtualized":[125],"scheduling":[128],"scheme":[129,163,214],"via":[132],"stochastic":[133],"learning.":[134],"The":[135,161,182],"delay":[136],"optimal":[137],"problem":[138],"formulated":[140],"infinite-horizon":[143],"average-cost":[144],"partially":[145],"observed":[146],"Markov":[147],"decision":[148],"process":[149],"(POMDP).":[150],"Then,":[151],"equivalent":[153],"Bellman":[154],"equation":[155],"derived":[157],"solve":[159],"it.":[160],"can":[164],"be":[165],"divided":[166],"two":[168],"stages,":[169],"macro":[171],"allocation":[174,180],"(MaVRA)":[175],"micro":[177],"(MiVRA).":[181],"former":[183],"executed":[185],"based":[186],"timescale":[189,201],"variables":[190,202],"(traffic":[191],"density),":[192],"whereas":[193],"latter":[195],"operated":[197],"according":[198],"short":[200],"(channel":[203],"state":[204],"queue":[206],"state).":[207],"Simulation":[208],"results":[209],"show":[210],"that":[211],"outperforms":[215],"traditional":[216],"schemes.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}