{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2384238049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","title":"Wi-Fi Hotspot at Signalized Intersection: Cost-Effectiveness for Vehicular Internet Access","display_name":"Wi-Fi Hotspot at Signalized Intersection: Cost-Effectiveness for Vehicular Internet Access","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2384238049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","mag":"2384238049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432389","display_name":"Ning Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050651525","display_name":"Nan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Sherman Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052387898","display_name":"J.W. Mark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon W. Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055017931","display_name":"Fan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5125-5394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Corporation, ECI Lab, Warren, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Corporation, ECI Lab, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100432389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91353041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"5","first_page":"3506","last_page":"3518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7073644399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6044732332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.603330135345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5833646655082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.5788934230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5367217659950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47840747237205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4566276967525482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-traffic","display_name":"Cellular traffic","score":0.4504462778568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-network","display_name":"Access network","score":0.4493553638458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4405858516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.413303017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.257360577583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24214595556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1933930218219757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.15755018591880798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7073644399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6044732332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.603330135345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5833646655082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.5788934230804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5367217659950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47840747237205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4566276967525482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133972139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058371","display_name":"Cellular traffic","level":3,"score":0.4504462778568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.4493553638458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4405858516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.413303017616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.257360577583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24214595556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1933930218219757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.15755018591880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2443808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:electricalengpub-1048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/electricalengpub/48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W436355841","https://openalex.org/W565955800","https://openalex.org/W1495565530","https://openalex.org/W1536428204","https://openalex.org/W1542772568","https://openalex.org/W1763097061","https://openalex.org/W1967906472","https://openalex.org/W1988141492","https://openalex.org/W2001885804","https://openalex.org/W2034425844","https://openalex.org/W2035232548","https://openalex.org/W2059973889","https://openalex.org/W2084175025","https://openalex.org/W2103647458","https://openalex.org/W2116686835","https://openalex.org/W2121634489","https://openalex.org/W2126185096","https://openalex.org/W2130317570","https://openalex.org/W2134925509","https://openalex.org/W2137423090","https://openalex.org/W2139954814","https://openalex.org/W2143204171","https://openalex.org/W2145102520","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2158698208","https://openalex.org/W2163407995","https://openalex.org/W2163913956","https://openalex.org/W2243721295","https://openalex.org/W2324586962","https://openalex.org/W2338403939","https://openalex.org/W4236257869","https://openalex.org/W4255052368","https://openalex.org/W6679387269","https://openalex.org/W6681494411","https://openalex.org/W6683600283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W790449367","https://openalex.org/W1482197907","https://openalex.org/W2017282549","https://openalex.org/W4302568799","https://openalex.org/W1550567184","https://openalex.org/W2950729840","https://openalex.org/W2289314820","https://openalex.org/W2156248763","https://openalex.org/W2039858536","https://openalex.org/W2291764513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,103],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,46,80,105,133],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,17,20,40,49,56,65,72,77,82,91,95,100,117,135,147],"cost-effectiveness":[6,18,138],"of":[7,32,43,86,120,149,174],"a":[8,27,33,61,87],"Wi-Fi":[9,29,44,66,92,108,130,150,175],"solution":[10],"for":[11,167,177],"vehicular":[12,178],"Internet":[13,179],"access.":[14,131],"We":[15],"define":[16,48],"as":[19],"cost":[21],"saving":[22],"by":[23,69,141],"deploying":[24,107],"and":[25,94,115,139,152,155],"operating":[26],"low-cost":[28],"infrastructure":[30],"instead":[31],"costly":[34],"benchmark":[35],"cellular":[36,73,101],"network.":[37,74,102],"To":[38,75],"characterize":[39],"service":[41,51,57,78],"quality":[42],"deployment,":[45],"also":[47],"normalized":[50,68],"delay":[52],"(NSD),":[53],"which":[54],"is":[55],"time":[58],"to":[59,170],"fulfill":[60],"data":[62],"application":[63],"via":[64,71],"network":[67,93,168],"that":[70],"derive":[76],"time,":[79],"analyze":[81],"average":[83,96],"throughput":[84],"capacity":[85,98],"generic":[88],"vehicle":[89,127,159],"in":[90,99],"downlink":[97],"particular,":[104],"propose":[106],"access":[109],"point":[110],"(AP)":[111],"at":[112],"signalized":[113],"intersection":[114],"study":[116],"fundamental":[118],"influence":[119],"traffic":[121,160],"signals":[122],"(which":[123],"yield":[124],"an":[125],"interrupted":[126],"traffic)":[128],"on":[129],"Then,":[132],"examine":[134],"tradeoff":[136],"between":[137,144],"NSD":[140],"identifying":[142],"interplays":[143],"controllable":[145],"(e.g.,":[146,158],"density":[148],"deployment":[151,176],"user's":[153],"satisfaction)":[154],"uncontrollable":[156],"parameters":[157],"statistics).":[161],"Our":[162],"results":[163],"are":[164],"very":[165],"useful":[166],"operators":[169],"make":[171],"strategic":[172],"planning":[173],"Access.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}