{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061351551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","title":"Optimized LTE Cell Planning With Varying Spatial and Temporal User Densities","display_name":"Optimized LTE Cell Planning With Varying Spatial and Temporal User Densities","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061351551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","mag":"2061351551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021394822","display_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Electr. Eng. Program, King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Program, King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012304239","display_name":"Elias Yaacoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-0621"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Yaacoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Decisions Group (SDG), Beirut, Lebanon","Strategic Decisions Group, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Decisions Group (SDG), Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Decisions Group, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Electr. Eng. Program, King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Program, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. Program, King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010567470","display_name":"Zaher Dawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaher Dawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., American Univ. of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., American Univ. of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054434944","display_name":"Adnan Abu\u2010Dayya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092118","display_name":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00dgyys91","country_code":"QA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105992","display_name":"Qatar Science and Technology Park","ror":"https://ror.org/01gshyb58","country_code":"QA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301390666","display_name":"Qatar Airways (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hx00y13","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Abu-Dayya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Mobility Innovations Center (QMIC), Qatar Science and Technology Park, Doha, Qatar","Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center (QMIC), Qatar Science and Technology Park, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118","https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021394822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97360817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"3","first_page":"1575","last_page":"1589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6837268471717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6445159912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6283434629440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5919870138168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5603656768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-planning-and-design","display_name":"Network planning and design","score":0.5567227602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensioning","display_name":"Dimensioning","score":0.548046886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5453502535820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5301284193992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.45538946986198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23508214950561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2148188054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12299981713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10640916228294373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6837268471717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6445159912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6283434629440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5919870138168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5603656768798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.5567227602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89714869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280470","display_name":"Dimensioning","level":2,"score":0.548046886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5453502535820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5301284193992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.45538946986198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23508214950561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2148188054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12299981713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10640916228294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2411579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/59436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/59436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/550519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/550519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74764174","https://openalex.org/W122358594","https://openalex.org/W1573676079","https://openalex.org/W1577636146","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1979919541","https://openalex.org/W1985809175","https://openalex.org/W1986244367","https://openalex.org/W1991595161","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2026045866","https://openalex.org/W2030011645","https://openalex.org/W2033884996","https://openalex.org/W2052869671","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2086509875","https://openalex.org/W2086600190","https://openalex.org/W2091815971","https://openalex.org/W2094769796","https://openalex.org/W2099097731","https://openalex.org/W2106545833","https://openalex.org/W2123489071","https://openalex.org/W2125725268","https://openalex.org/W2129174412","https://openalex.org/W2132228824","https://openalex.org/W2146235116","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2152939010","https://openalex.org/W2163198537","https://openalex.org/W2164671180","https://openalex.org/W2167353407","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2293086367","https://openalex.org/W2484659212","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4236930228","https://openalex.org/W4255522587","https://openalex.org/W4292083457","https://openalex.org/W6697159834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143051635","https://openalex.org/W3172273628","https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W2254663577","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W1554879672","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W4386698331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Base":[0],"station":[1],"(BS)":[2],"deployment":[3],"in":[4,13,109,158,191],"cellular":[5,30],"networks":[6,31],"is":[7,66,130],"one":[8],"of":[9,62,112,147,156,163],"the":[10,23,63,94,110,145,148,153,161,187,212],"fundamental":[11],"problems":[12,162],"network":[14,214],"design.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"proposes":[18],"a":[19,69,82],"novel":[20],"method":[21],"for":[22,27,200,222],"cell":[24,43],"planning":[25,57,64,165,173],"problem":[26,53,107],"fourth-generation":[28],"(4G)":[29],"using":[32,186],"metaheuristic":[33,83],"algorithms.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"approach,":[37],"we":[38,80,195],"aim":[39],"to":[40,99,132,143,168,178],"satisfy":[41,105],"both":[42,74,106],"coverage":[44,75],"and":[45,76,151,172,206,209],"capacity":[46,77],"constraints":[47,108,176],"simultaneously":[48],"by":[49],"formulating":[50],"an":[51,127],"optimization":[52,92],"that":[54,72,104,211],"captures":[55,73],"practical":[56],"aspects.":[58],"The":[59],"starting":[60],"point":[61],"process":[65],"defined":[67],"through":[68],"dimensioning":[70],"exercise":[71],"constraints.":[78],"Afterward,":[79],"implement":[81],"algorithm":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86,181],"swarm":[87,91],"intelligence":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"particle":[90],"or":[93],"recently":[95],"proposed":[96,149,188,198],"gray-wolf":[97],"optimizer)":[98],"find":[100],"suboptimal":[101],"BS":[102],"locations":[103],"area":[111],"interest,":[113],"which":[114],"can":[115],"be":[116],"divided":[117],"into":[118],"several":[119],"subareas":[120,205],"with":[121,166,174,203],"different":[122,201,204],"spatial":[123],"user":[124,207],"densities.":[125],"Subsequently,":[126],"iterative":[128],"approach":[129,199],"executed":[131],"eliminate":[133],"eventual":[134],"redundant":[135],"BSs.":[136],"We":[137],"also":[138],"perform":[139],"Monte":[140],"Carlo":[141],"simulations":[142],"study":[144],"performance":[146],"scheme":[150],"compute":[152],"average":[154],"number":[155],"users":[157],"outage.":[159],"Next,":[160],"green":[164],"regard":[167],"temporal":[169],"traffic":[170],"variation":[171],"location":[175],"due":[177],"tight":[179],"limits":[180],"electromagnetic":[182],"radiations":[183],"are":[184,218],"addressed,":[185],"method.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"our":[192,197],"simulation":[193],"results,":[194],"apply":[196],"scenarios":[202],"distributions":[208],"show":[210],"desired":[213],"quality-of-service":[215],"(QoS)":[216],"targets":[217],"always":[219],"reached,":[220],"even":[221],"large-scale":[223],"problems.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
