{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037322818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","title":"Lognormal Mixture Shadowing","display_name":"Lognormal Mixture Shadowing","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037322818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","mag":"2037322818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039651399","display_name":"Saliha B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7orak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5653-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saliha Buyukcorak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003569625","display_name":"Metin Vural","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Metin Vural","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600471","display_name":"G\u00fcne\u015f Karabulut Kurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunes Karabulut Kurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Eng., Istanbul Tech. Univ., Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.942301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"10","first_page":"4386","last_page":"4398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-normal-distribution","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","score":0.8462823033332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6317582130432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5378218293190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.5204777717590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4692053198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.45489779114723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44806987047195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.371539831161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3611200749874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3403950333595276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151620405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826116","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.8462823033332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6317582130432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5378218293190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.5204777717590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4692053198814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45489779114723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44806987047195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.371539831161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3611200749874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3403950333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2369577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/45231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/45231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:47378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/47378/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263845233","https://openalex.org/W280128266","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1486632395","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1534614913","https://openalex.org/W1565176583","https://openalex.org/W1567012231","https://openalex.org/W1574408959","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1835315728","https://openalex.org/W1975959989","https://openalex.org/W1993479909","https://openalex.org/W1993988307","https://openalex.org/W1997895960","https://openalex.org/W2001789065","https://openalex.org/W2010973140","https://openalex.org/W2014158063","https://openalex.org/W2023590297","https://openalex.org/W2026999222","https://openalex.org/W2030835564","https://openalex.org/W2032113056","https://openalex.org/W2053405531","https://openalex.org/W2057620478","https://openalex.org/W2059504809","https://openalex.org/W2061310904","https://openalex.org/W2065392216","https://openalex.org/W2070047497","https://openalex.org/W2070491614","https://openalex.org/W2078517898","https://openalex.org/W2085247234","https://openalex.org/W2089484716","https://openalex.org/W2091163284","https://openalex.org/W2091797506","https://openalex.org/W2093370482","https://openalex.org/W2104128541","https://openalex.org/W2104182606","https://openalex.org/W2109080667","https://openalex.org/W2115870554","https://openalex.org/W2117845418","https://openalex.org/W2117853077","https://openalex.org/W2120636621","https://openalex.org/W2120702424","https://openalex.org/W2121370439","https://openalex.org/W2124430127","https://openalex.org/W2138702332","https://openalex.org/W2139573794","https://openalex.org/W2139794367","https://openalex.org/W2140452629","https://openalex.org/W2143918111","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2149454297","https://openalex.org/W2150082340","https://openalex.org/W2150313003","https://openalex.org/W2154002584","https://openalex.org/W2156010446","https://openalex.org/W2157005274","https://openalex.org/W2163738067","https://openalex.org/W2164093442","https://openalex.org/W2164311260","https://openalex.org/W2165422409","https://openalex.org/W2165594468","https://openalex.org/W2165809047","https://openalex.org/W2168029744","https://openalex.org/W2168467807","https://openalex.org/W2168847332","https://openalex.org/W2169275130","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2275150912","https://openalex.org/W2320964450","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2498094064","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W3101749733","https://openalex.org/W4232632925","https://openalex.org/W4235042061","https://openalex.org/W4240844614","https://openalex.org/W4256330275","https://openalex.org/W4301359260","https://openalex.org/W6628849183","https://openalex.org/W6634150524","https://openalex.org/W6634177860","https://openalex.org/W6639041828","https://openalex.org/W6650864973","https://openalex.org/W6678007500","https://openalex.org/W6684520393","https://openalex.org/W6700375261","https://openalex.org/W6824062597","https://openalex.org/W7070821404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105741209","https://openalex.org/W2793244736","https://openalex.org/W2165960128","https://openalex.org/W2100512474","https://openalex.org/W43752813","https://openalex.org/W2073446886","https://openalex.org/W2115122983","https://openalex.org/W1601092309","https://openalex.org/W1976304320","https://openalex.org/W2499999759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"the":[1,4,9,18,23,46,56,63,78,131,139,142,161,194,197],"variations":[2],"in":[3,17,30,66],"local":[5],"mean":[6],"received":[7],"power,":[8],"shadow":[10,106,226],"fading":[11,107,227],"is":[12,28,138,153,169,200],"a":[13,71,83,122,154,176],"relatively":[14],"understudied":[15],"effect":[16],"literature.":[19],"The":[20,180],"inaccuracy":[21],"of":[22,59,124,130,141,164,196],"universally":[24],"accepted":[25],"lognormal":[26,64,85,98,125],"model":[27,74,100,182,199],"shown":[29],"many":[31],"works.":[32],"However,":[33],"proposing":[34],"other":[35],"statistical":[36],"distributions,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"gamma,":[40],"which":[41],"are":[42,186],"not":[43,89],"stemmed":[44],"from":[45],"natural":[47],"underlying":[48],"physical":[49,57],"process,":[50],"cannot":[51],"provide":[52,160,213],"sufficient":[53],"insights.":[54],"Conceding":[55],"process":[58],"multiple":[60],"reflections":[61],"generating":[62],"distribution,":[65],"this":[67,210],"paper,":[68,211],"we":[69,109,146,212,221],"propose":[70,147],"generalized":[72],"mixture":[73,99,123,136,143,198],"that":[75,87,97,111,158,223],"can":[76,101,117,159],"address":[77],"modeling":[79],"inaccuracies":[80],"observed":[81],"with":[82,135],"single":[84],"distribution":[86],"may":[88],"correctly":[90],"represent":[91],"empirical":[92,190],"data":[93,191],"sets.":[94],"To":[95],"show":[96,222],"be":[102,119],"used":[103],"under":[104],"any":[105],"condition,":[108],"prove":[110],"an":[112,170],"arbitrary":[113],"probability":[114,218],"density":[115],"function":[116],"accurately":[118],"represented":[120],"by":[121,202],"random":[126],"variables":[127],"(RVs).":[128],"One":[129],"main":[132],"issues":[133],"associated":[134],"models":[137,228],"determination":[140],"components.":[144,165],"Here,":[145],"two":[148],"solutions.":[149],"Our":[150,166],"first":[151],"solution":[152,168,184],"Dirichlet-process-mixture-based":[155],"estimation":[156],"technique":[157,174],"optimum":[162],"number":[163],"second":[167],"expectation-maximization":[171],"(EM)":[172],"algorithm-based":[173],"for":[175],"more":[177,224,230],"practical":[178],"implementation.":[179],"proposed":[181],"and":[183,206,215],"approaches":[185],"applied":[187],"to":[188],"our":[189],"set,":[192],"where":[193,220],"accuracy":[195],"verified":[201],"using":[203],"both":[204],"confidence-based":[205],"error-vector-norm-based":[207],"techniques.":[208],"Concluding":[209],"outage":[214],"cellular":[216],"coverage":[217],"expressions,":[219],"accurate":[225],"yield":[229],"realistic":[231],"performance":[232],"estimates.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
