{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033276989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","title":"Propagation Characteristics of Circularly and Linearly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves in Urban Macrocell Scenario","display_name":"Propagation Characteristics of Circularly and Linearly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves in Urban Macrocell Scenario","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033276989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","mag":"2033276989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354733","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-1254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018154454","display_name":"Lihua Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Commun. Res. Lab., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689965","display_name":"Xiaojian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-9019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802615301","display_name":"China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01z8tr155","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["802th Institute, Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Group, Shanghai, China","802nd Inst., Chinese Aerosp. Sci. & Technol. Group, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"802th Institute, Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Group, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"802nd Inst., Chinese Aerosp. Sci. & Technol. Group, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403637","display_name":"Rui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004181029","display_name":"Jiandong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":58.9517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99563945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"1","first_page":"209","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.6528370976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5540310144424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.49909353256225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-polarization","display_name":"Linear polarization","score":0.492343544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48812541365623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47523024678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4727519452571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-polarization","display_name":"Circular polarization","score":0.45336559414863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4145893454551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39786210656166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36304551362991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3421386778354645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3031517267227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2975616455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.2376435101032257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.6528370976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5540310144424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.49909353256225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107190969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553479","display_name":"Linear polarization","level":3,"score":0.492343544960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48812541365623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47523024678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4727519452571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153201621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121676","display_name":"Circular polarization","level":3,"score":0.45336559414863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4145893454551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39786210656166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36304551362991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3421386778354645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3031517267227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2975616455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2376435101032257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2318839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557662267","https://openalex.org/W1647572132","https://openalex.org/W1657821752","https://openalex.org/W1970014026","https://openalex.org/W2018115674","https://openalex.org/W2023737189","https://openalex.org/W2034080075","https://openalex.org/W2069519212","https://openalex.org/W2084282344","https://openalex.org/W2097659700","https://openalex.org/W2115312702","https://openalex.org/W2119208841","https://openalex.org/W2119597134","https://openalex.org/W2122179702","https://openalex.org/W2123889940","https://openalex.org/W2125053745","https://openalex.org/W2145258326","https://openalex.org/W2146400449","https://openalex.org/W2148714576","https://openalex.org/W2151280684","https://openalex.org/W2153663285","https://openalex.org/W2158071403","https://openalex.org/W2166553127","https://openalex.org/W2169708270","https://openalex.org/W2368838917","https://openalex.org/W2985849463","https://openalex.org/W6642912061","https://openalex.org/W6656522081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370774428","https://openalex.org/W2096263205","https://openalex.org/W1890852061","https://openalex.org/W3099713548","https://openalex.org/W2787663363","https://openalex.org/W2909133692","https://openalex.org/W3104603576","https://openalex.org/W191477632","https://openalex.org/W1978583671","https://openalex.org/W3121733388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"polarization":[1,18,35,141],"(LP)":[2],"has":[3,20,104],"been":[4,106],"the":[5,34,39,45,77,140,155,176,191,244],"traditional":[6],"transmission":[7],"strategy":[8],"employed":[9],"in":[10,57,108,163,232],"current":[11,248],"mobile":[12,249],"wireless":[13,250],"communication":[14,251],"systems.":[15,252],"Recently,":[16],"circular":[17],"(CP)":[19],"regained":[21],"much":[22],"interest":[23],"as":[24,64,66,85,175],"CP":[25,49,73,102,119,214],"proves":[26],"to":[27,32,124,152,203,242],"be":[28,204,239],"a":[29,54,115,134,144,164,173],"potential":[30],"candidate":[31],"maximize":[33],"efficiency":[36],"component":[37],"of":[38,48,59,80,136,143,195,247],"link":[40],"budget.":[41],"In":[42,99],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"essential":[46],"concepts":[47],"are":[50,179,200,231],"first":[51],"reinforced":[52],"by":[53,133,158],"tutorial":[55],"description":[56,79],"terms":[58],"mathematical":[60],"insight,":[61],"propagation":[62,82,103,170],"characteristics,":[63],"well":[65],"related":[67],"applications.":[68],"Most":[69],"reported":[70],"works":[71],"on":[72,76],"chiefly":[74],"focus":[75],"theoretical":[78,235],"its":[81],"benefits,":[83],"such":[84],"significant":[86],"amplitude":[87],"fade":[88],"and":[89,185,223,226,237],"delay":[90],"spread":[91],"(DS)":[92],"reduction,":[93],"without":[94],"simultaneously":[95],"providing":[96],"convincing":[97],"proofs.":[98],"other":[100],"words,":[101],"not":[105],"investigated":[107],"sufficient":[109],"depth.":[110],"Therefore,":[111],"we":[112],"then":[113],"propose":[114],"method":[116],"for":[117,182],"synthesizing":[118],"that":[120],"is":[121,130,150],"implementation":[122],"friendly":[123],"practical":[125],"antennas.":[126],"The":[127],"engineering":[128],"validity":[129],"subsequently":[131],"verified":[132],"series":[135],"chamber":[137],"measurements.":[138],"Intuitively,":[139],"trajectory":[142],"synthetical":[145],"circularly":[146],"polarized":[147],"electromagnetic":[148],"wave":[149],"illustrated":[151],"further":[153],"prove":[154],"point.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"conducting":[159],"channel":[160],"measurement":[161],"campaigns":[162],"typical":[165],"urban":[166],"macrocell":[167],"scenario,":[168],"radio":[169],"characteristics":[171],"with":[172,212,234],"dipole":[174],"receive":[177],"apparatus":[178],"analytically":[180],"extracted":[181],"both":[183],"LP":[184],"CP.":[186],"To":[187],"facilitate":[188],"fair":[189],"competition,":[190],"radiation":[192],"field":[193],"patterns":[194],"two":[196],"relevant":[197],"transmitting":[198],"antennas":[199],"intentionally":[201],"designed":[202],"identical.":[205],"Numerical":[206],"results":[207],"quantitatively":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"that,":[210],"compared":[211],"LP,":[213],"can":[215,238],"significantly":[216],"alleviate":[217],"branch":[218],"power":[219],"imbalance":[220],"between":[221],"vertical":[222],"horizontal":[224],"polarizations":[225],"decrease":[227],"DS.":[228],"These":[229],"advantages":[230],"line":[233],"anticipation":[236],"fully":[240],"exploited":[241],"upgrade":[243],"performance":[245],"limits":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}