{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094596164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","title":"Rule-Based Control Strategy With Novel Parameters Optimization Using NSGA-II for Power-Split PHEV Operation Cost Minimization","display_name":"Rule-Based Control Strategy With Novel Parameters Optimization Using NSGA-II for Power-Split PHEV Operation Cost Minimization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094596164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","mag":"2094596164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016297609","display_name":"Yanhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-4527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004367379","display_name":"Xiaomin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-251X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073741886","display_name":"Narayan C. Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-1888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narayan C. Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Research Chair Program in Electrified Transportation Systems, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada Res. Dept. Program in Electrified Transp. Syst., Univ. of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96176634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"7","first_page":"3051","last_page":"3061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.7639251947402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6756579875946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6186460852622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6041090488433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5868967771530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5663684606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5381489992141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.5361698865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5077580213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4336537718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4262252748012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamometer","display_name":"Dynamometer","score":0.42225638031959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32279694080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30468863248825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.26485902070999146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.7639251947402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6756579875946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6186460852622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6041090488433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5868967771530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5663684606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5381489992141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.5361698865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5077580213546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4336537718772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4262252748012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102284421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11223329","display_name":"Dynamometer","level":2,"score":0.42225638031959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32279694080352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30468863248825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.26485902070999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2316644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490291973","https://openalex.org/W1495870701","https://openalex.org/W1512799646","https://openalex.org/W1585939719","https://openalex.org/W1612556207","https://openalex.org/W1905847227","https://openalex.org/W1957430778","https://openalex.org/W1968209099","https://openalex.org/W1970229013","https://openalex.org/W1997950367","https://openalex.org/W2017749620","https://openalex.org/W2029515813","https://openalex.org/W2030650151","https://openalex.org/W2048165919","https://openalex.org/W2052078109","https://openalex.org/W2070523120","https://openalex.org/W2091911904","https://openalex.org/W2099785405","https://openalex.org/W2103247931","https://openalex.org/W2106334424","https://openalex.org/W2109867326","https://openalex.org/W2113413366","https://openalex.org/W2116661285","https://openalex.org/W2118020677","https://openalex.org/W2118721156","https://openalex.org/W2127242591","https://openalex.org/W2130929450","https://openalex.org/W2134278108","https://openalex.org/W2139732883","https://openalex.org/W2141674768","https://openalex.org/W2142809728","https://openalex.org/W2146951490","https://openalex.org/W2152465547","https://openalex.org/W2161758672","https://openalex.org/W2164600430","https://openalex.org/W2165579389","https://openalex.org/W2167159964","https://openalex.org/W2170858013","https://openalex.org/W2261054240","https://openalex.org/W6630537078","https://openalex.org/W6636658889","https://openalex.org/W6658095380","https://openalex.org/W6684212943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496221577","https://openalex.org/W100559523","https://openalex.org/W2060045510","https://openalex.org/W2378403516","https://openalex.org/W2808291810","https://openalex.org/W2804385719","https://openalex.org/W2328351540","https://openalex.org/W3047398961","https://openalex.org/W1994686097","https://openalex.org/W2028934378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,12,45,72,126,158],"the":[2,6,10,24,28,46,69,73,86,94,105,113,118,131,141,148],"major":[3],"considerations":[4],"in":[5,81,85,130],"automotive":[7],"industry":[8],"is":[9,23,101],"reduction":[11],"hybrid":[13,37],"electric":[14,38],"vehicle":[15,39],"fuel":[16],"consumption":[17],"and":[18,59,123,147],"operation":[19,55,91,114],"cost.":[20,115],"This":[21],"paper":[22],"first":[25],"to":[26,103,110],"use":[27],"nondominated":[29],"sorting":[30],"genetic":[31,50],"algorithm-II":[32],"(NSGA-II)":[33],"for":[34,68,163],"power-split":[35,96],"plug-in":[36],"(PHEV)":[40],"applications.":[41],"The":[42,62,89,134],"NSGA-II,":[43],"one":[44],"most":[47],"efficient":[48],"multiobjective":[49],"algorithms":[51],"(MOGAs),":[52],"simultaneously":[53],"optimized":[54,90],"cost,":[56],"including":[57],"gasoline":[58],"electricity":[60],"consumption.":[61],"Pareto":[63],"optimal":[64],"solutions":[65],"are":[66,128,161],"discussed":[67],"parameter":[70],"calibrations":[71],"rule-based":[74],"control":[75,164],"strategy":[76,165],"as":[77],"a":[78],"useful":[79],"guide":[80],"PHEV":[82,127],"development,":[83],"particularly":[84],"earlier":[87],"phases.":[88],"cost":[92],"at":[93],"different":[95,137,156],"device":[97],"(PSD)":[98],"gear":[99,108],"ratios":[100],"used":[102,162],"determine":[104],"ideal":[106],"PSD":[107,122],"ratio":[109],"further":[111],"minimize":[112],"To":[116],"validate":[117],"proposed":[119],"strategy,":[120],"dynamic":[121],"powertrain":[124],"models":[125],"developed":[129],"numerical":[132],"analysis.":[133],"two":[135],"typically":[136],"driving":[138,159],"cycles,":[139,160],"namely,":[140],"Urban":[142],"Dynamometer":[143],"Driving":[144],"Schedule":[145,153],"(UDDS)":[146],"Highway":[149],"Fuel":[150],"Economic":[151],"Drive":[152],"(HWFET),":[154],"with":[155],"numbers":[157],"optimization.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
