{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014326592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","title":"Optimized Smart Grid Energy Procurement for LTE Networks Using Evolutionary Algorithms","display_name":"Optimized Smart Grid Energy Procurement for LTE Networks Using Evolutionary Algorithms","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014326592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","mag":"2014326592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021394822","display_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012304239","display_name":"Elias Yaacoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301390666","display_name":"Qatar Airways (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hx00y13","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092118","display_name":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00dgyys91","country_code":"QA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Yaacoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Mobility Innovations Center, Doha, Qatar","Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054434944","display_name":"Adnan Abu\u2010Dayya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5163-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301390666","display_name":"Qatar Airways (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hx00y13","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092118","display_name":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00dgyys91","country_code":"QA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Abu-Dayya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Mobility Innovations Center, Doha, Qatar","Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092118"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Mobility Innovations Center Doha Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97934058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"9","first_page":"4508","last_page":"4519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.676723837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5983954071998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5727624297142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.547874927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5089006423950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4834666848182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.46921029686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4625861346721649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4596635103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43880775570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3663988709449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29812827706336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2869061827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2801969051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11722701787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10466170310974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09543716907501221}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.676723837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5983954071998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5727624297142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.547874927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5089006423950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4834666848182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.46921029686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4625861346721649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4596635103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43880775570869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3663988709449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29812827706336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2869061827659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2801969051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11722701787948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10466170310974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09543716907501221}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2312380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/59435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2312380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/563826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/563826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313947","display_name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure des Communications de Tunis","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122358594","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1968554296","https://openalex.org/W1968601362","https://openalex.org/W1969822623","https://openalex.org/W2008321747","https://openalex.org/W2015147299","https://openalex.org/W2026477847","https://openalex.org/W2052869671","https://openalex.org/W2086600190","https://openalex.org/W2100137329","https://openalex.org/W2105547551","https://openalex.org/W2122658093","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2125725268","https://openalex.org/W2130116104","https://openalex.org/W2147886150","https://openalex.org/W2153243472","https://openalex.org/W2163198537","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2541538882","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4255522587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2142989636","https://openalex.org/W2322468729","https://openalex.org/W2168356777","https://openalex.org/W2763830955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"efficiency":[1],"aspects":[2],"in":[3,83],"cellular":[4,75,86],"networks":[5,87],"can":[6],"contribute":[7],"significantly":[8],"to":[9,26,67,78,102,173],"reducing":[10],"worldwide":[11],"greenhouse":[12],"gas":[13],"emissions.":[14],"The":[15,96],"base":[16],"station":[17],"(BS)":[18],"sleeping":[19,98],"strategy":[20,99],"has":[21,49],"become":[22,50],"a":[23,51],"well-known":[24],"technique":[25],"achieve":[27],"energy":[28,43,133,150,156],"savings":[29],"by":[30,137,145],"switching":[31],"off":[32],"redundant":[33],"BSs":[34,136,143],"mainly":[35],"for":[36],"lightly":[37],"loaded":[38],"networks.":[39],"Moreover,":[40],"introducing":[41],"renewable":[42],"as":[44,111,160],"an":[45,62,103],"alternative":[46],"power":[47],"source":[48],"real":[52],"challenge":[53],"among":[54],"network":[55],"operators.":[56],"In":[57,121],"this":[58,122],"paper,":[59,123],"we":[60,124],"formulate":[61],"optimization":[63,118],"problem":[64],"that":[65,130],"aims":[66],"maximize":[68],"the":[69,81,90,112,132,147,175,178,182],"profit":[70],"of":[71,93,135,149,181],"Long-Term":[72],"Evolution":[73],"(LTE)":[74],"operators":[76],"and":[77,115,127,157,177],"simultaneously":[79],"minimize":[80],"CO2emissions":[82],"green":[84],"wireless":[85],"without":[88],"affecting":[89],"desired":[91],"quality":[92],"service":[94],"(QoS).":[95],"BS":[97],"lends":[100],"itself":[101],"interesting":[104],"implementation":[105],"using":[106],"several":[107],"heuristic":[108],"approaches,":[109],"such":[110],"genetic":[113],"(GA)":[114],"particle":[116],"swarm":[117],"(PSO)":[119],"algorithms.":[120],"propose":[125],"GA-based":[126],"PSO-based":[128],"methods":[129],"reduce":[131],"consumption":[134],"not":[138],"only":[139],"shutting":[140],"down":[141],"underutilized":[142],"but":[144],"optimizing":[146],"amounts":[148],"procured":[151],"from":[152],"different":[153],"retailers":[154],"(renewable":[155],"electricity":[158],"retailers),":[159],"well.":[161],"A":[162],"comparison":[163],"with":[164],"another":[165],"previously":[166],"proposed":[167],"algorithm":[168],"is":[169],"also":[170],"carried":[171],"out":[172],"evaluate":[174],"performance":[176],"computational":[179],"complexity":[180],"employed":[183],"methods.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}