{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067724886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","title":"An Adaptive Backward Control Battery Equalization System for Serially Connected Lithium-ion Battery Packs","display_name":"An Adaptive Backward Control Battery Equalization System for Serially Connected Lithium-ion Battery Packs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067724886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","mag":"2067724886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101632997","display_name":"Ngoc Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-0320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082373698","display_name":"Sai Kiran Oruganti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-2907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai K. Oruganti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103034335","display_name":"Kyungmin Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungmin Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058339861","display_name":"Franklin Bien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Bien","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ulsan Nat. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Ulsan, South Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96034761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"8","first_page":"3651","last_page":"3660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.7195103168487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.510167121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49915242195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4951304495334625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.49084335565567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.44799724221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.4244233965873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39764508605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38315027952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3464992046356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34607672691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2850770354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14153137803077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12454679608345032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.7195103168487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.510167121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49915242195129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4951304495334625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.49084335565567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.44799724221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4244233965873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39764508605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38315027952194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3464992046356201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34607672691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2850770354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14153137803077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12454679608345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2304453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/8605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/8605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321348","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497803542","https://openalex.org/W1830407243","https://openalex.org/W1983370159","https://openalex.org/W2005646451","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2027852905","https://openalex.org/W2058588522","https://openalex.org/W2062392099","https://openalex.org/W2082017273","https://openalex.org/W2102477545","https://openalex.org/W2104789165","https://openalex.org/W2107693906","https://openalex.org/W2123257277","https://openalex.org/W2124112723","https://openalex.org/W2131566590","https://openalex.org/W2136157365","https://openalex.org/W2136514706","https://openalex.org/W2137205599","https://openalex.org/W2153010323","https://openalex.org/W2160748653","https://openalex.org/W2165546013","https://openalex.org/W2292086892","https://openalex.org/W2539557469","https://openalex.org/W6629644578","https://openalex.org/W6679230936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604153366","https://openalex.org/W2101236138","https://openalex.org/W2157109087","https://openalex.org/W1985802331","https://openalex.org/W4312227352","https://openalex.org/W2911845075","https://openalex.org/W2105069811","https://openalex.org/W2136515323","https://openalex.org/W2714536596","https://openalex.org/W1897769514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,30,47,122],"adaptive":[4,31,43,102,113],"controller":[5],"for":[6,12,63,97,115],"a":[7,60,143,149,173],"battery":[8,16,57,135,178],"equalization":[9,20],"system":[10,185],"(BES)":[11],"serially":[13,133],"connected":[14,134],"Li-ion":[15],"packs.":[17],"The":[18,34,72,101,118,137,155,183],"proposed":[19,35,83,119,160,184],"scheme":[21,161],"consists":[22],"of":[23,41,132,152,176,190],"software":[24,37],"and":[25,38,59,124,170,181],"hardware":[26,39,84,138],"parts":[27],"to":[28,51,92,111,127,165,171],"implement":[29],"neuro-fuzzy":[32,44,103],"algorithm.":[33],"combined":[36],"implementation":[40],"the":[42,53,67,82,98,108,116,159,163,177],"algorithm":[45,104],"provides":[46],"offline":[48],"learning":[49,187],"ability":[50,126,164],"track":[52],"dynamic":[54,130],"reactions":[55,131],"on":[56],"packs":[58],"high-speed":[61],"response":[62],"equalizing":[64],"currents":[65,74,96],"in":[66,107,142],"individual":[68],"cell":[69,179],"equalizers":[70],"(ICEs).":[71],"output":[73,95],"driving":[75],"pulsewidth-modulated":[76],"(PWM)":[77],"signals":[78],"are":[79,140],"generated":[80],"from":[81,167],"analog":[85],"controllers.":[86],"A":[87],"feedback":[88],"line":[89],"is":[90,105],"utilized":[91],"observe":[93],"these":[94],"training":[99],"process.":[100],"implemented":[106,141],"main":[109],"processor":[110],"provide":[112,172],"parameters":[114],"hardware.":[117],"BES":[120],"has":[121,162],"adaptability":[123],"tracking":[125],"deal":[128],"with":[129,148],"cells.":[136],"controllers":[139],"0.13-":[144],"\u03bcm":[145],"CMOS":[146],"technology":[147],"supply":[150],"voltage":[151],"2.5":[153],"V.":[154],"results":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"that":[158],"learn":[166],"previous":[168],"stages":[169],"precise":[174],"model":[175],"voltages":[180],"currents.":[182],"achieved":[186],"accuracy":[188],"error":[189],"1.8":[191],"\u00d7":[192],"e":[193],"<sup":[194],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[195],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-5</sup>":[196],".":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
