{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058763361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","title":"Optimized Braking Torque Generation Capacity of an Eddy Current Brake With the Application of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields","display_name":"Optimized Braking Torque Generation Capacity of an Eddy Current Brake With the Application of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058763361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","mag":"2058763361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041672156","display_name":"Kerem Karakoc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kerem Karakoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003560767","display_name":"Afzal Suleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8936-7340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afzal Suleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027049699","display_name":"Edward J. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-061X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","Sch. of Eng. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ. Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Eng. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ. Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041672156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96150359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"4","first_page":"1530","last_page":"1538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12197","display_name":"Brake Systems and Friction Analysis","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11372","display_name":"Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-braking","display_name":"Engine braking","score":0.7940264344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current-brake","display_name":"Eddy current brake","score":0.6957086324691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6524418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6111025810241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-brakeforce-distribution","display_name":"Electronic brakeforce distribution","score":0.5854544043540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-braking","display_name":"Dynamic braking","score":0.5778578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake","display_name":"Brake","score":0.5576658248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-braking","display_name":"Threshold braking","score":0.5475451350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5067413449287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.46160995960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46010032296180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-torque","display_name":"Friction torque","score":0.4512766897678375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3618850111961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-brake","display_name":"Hydraulic brake","score":0.2843727767467499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15873897075653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14377182722091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14248302578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.06773275136947632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192843390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176705","display_name":"Engine braking","level":3,"score":0.7940264344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54855816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585557","display_name":"Eddy current brake","level":3,"score":0.6957086324691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6524418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6111025810241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202208690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739519","display_name":"Electronic brakeforce distribution","level":4,"score":0.5854544043540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158549904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155327","display_name":"Dynamic braking","level":3,"score":0.5778578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.5576658248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77338312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087415","display_name":"Threshold braking","level":3,"score":0.5475451350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5067413449287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.46160995960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46010032296180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163274877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5503435","display_name":"Friction torque","level":3,"score":0.4512766897678375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3618850111961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61958391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640133","display_name":"Hydraulic brake","level":3,"score":0.2843727767467499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15873897075653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14377182722091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14248302578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.06773275136947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2286097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604901692","https://openalex.org/W1964355561","https://openalex.org/W1968350703","https://openalex.org/W1969034592","https://openalex.org/W2000260500","https://openalex.org/W2004505331","https://openalex.org/W2010309769","https://openalex.org/W2016558998","https://openalex.org/W2027317311","https://openalex.org/W2040493519","https://openalex.org/W2056235807","https://openalex.org/W2059080687","https://openalex.org/W2076831906","https://openalex.org/W2081135774","https://openalex.org/W2086958208","https://openalex.org/W2096480341","https://openalex.org/W2098293446","https://openalex.org/W2108603569","https://openalex.org/W2112258396","https://openalex.org/W2118815935","https://openalex.org/W2123200458","https://openalex.org/W2127600513","https://openalex.org/W2128970364","https://openalex.org/W2134698021","https://openalex.org/W6635991508","https://openalex.org/W6674426734","https://openalex.org/W6679873727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361204300","https://openalex.org/W2386620792","https://openalex.org/W2353194233","https://openalex.org/W3121281061","https://openalex.org/W2363495409","https://openalex.org/W2614377604","https://openalex.org/W2350928423","https://openalex.org/W821791948","https://openalex.org/W2393046828","https://openalex.org/W2885059181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unlike":[0],"conventional":[1,24],"hydraulic":[2],"brakes":[3,6,47],"(CHBs),":[4],"eddy-current":[5],"(ECBs)":[7],"are":[8,48],"electrically":[9],"controlled":[10],"and":[11,106,113,153],"noncontact-type":[12],"actuators.":[13],"Having":[14],"such":[15,46,154],"advantages":[16],"makes":[17],"ECBs":[18,35],"a":[19,72,84,97,130,140,160],"potential":[20],"alternative":[21],"to":[22,41,82],"the":[23,30,43,68,78,87,92,102,120,144,149],"systems":[25],"used":[26,49],"in":[27,139,143],"vehicles.":[28],"However,":[29],"braking":[31,58,79,88,145,164],"torque":[32,59,69,80,89,146,165],"generation":[33,81,90],"of":[34,91,104,122,163],"at":[36],"low":[37],"speed":[38],"is":[39,94],"insufficient":[40],"stop":[42],"vehicle.":[44],"Thus,":[45],"for":[50],"assistive":[51],"braking.":[52],"Our":[53],"previous":[54],"study":[55],"showed":[56],"that":[57,119],"increases":[60],"with":[61,67,71,101,126,132,148,167],"an":[62,123],"ac":[63,124],"field":[64,74,125,151],"application":[65,121],"compared":[66,147],"generated":[70,169],"dc":[73,150],"application.":[75],"To":[76],"increase":[77,142],"realize":[83],"stand-alone":[85],"ECB,":[86],"ECB":[93,156],"optimized,":[95],"using":[96],"stochastic":[98],"search":[99],"algorithm,":[100],"consideration":[103],"comfort":[105],"skin":[107],"effects,":[108],"as":[109,111],"well":[110],"geometric":[112],"field-dependent":[114],"factors.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117,138],"show":[118],"varying":[127],"frequency":[128],"on":[129],"configuration":[131,157],"multiple":[133],"pole":[134],"projection":[135],"areas":[136],"(PPAs)":[137],"significant":[141],"application,":[152],"optimum":[155],"can":[158],"generate":[159],"sufficient":[161],"amount":[162],"comparable":[166],"those":[168],"by":[170],"CHBs.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}