{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084004388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","title":"Optimal Sizing of a Parallel PHEV Powertrain","display_name":"Optimal Sizing of a Parallel PHEV Powertrain","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084004388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","mag":"2084004388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/170223/local_170223.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070044727","display_name":"Mitra Pourabdollah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-1600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitra Pourabdollah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007503953","display_name":"Nikolce Murgovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolce Murgovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015988652","display_name":"Anders Grauers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Grauers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053881524","display_name":"Bo Egardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4239-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Egardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6015,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98402727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"6","first_page":"2469","last_page":"2480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8963474035263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6992504000663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.6385335326194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-combustion-engine","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","score":0.5968283414840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-cycle","display_name":"Driving cycle","score":0.5911508202552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5155996680259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-motor","display_name":"Electric motor","score":0.46351730823516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4526975452899933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4452715814113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.43737170100212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.301838755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23721164464950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18177497386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.15823784470558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10376760363578796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8963474035263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6992504000663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.6385335326194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.5968283414840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169042556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246150","display_name":"Driving cycle","level":4,"score":0.5911508202552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5155996680259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176871988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","display_name":"Electric motor","level":2,"score":0.46351730823516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4526975452899933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4452715814113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.43737170100212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.301838755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23721164464950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18177497386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.15823784470558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10376760363578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2240326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:170223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/170223","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/170223/local_170223.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:170223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/170223-optimal-sizing-of-a-parallel-phev-powertrain","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Journal.PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:170223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/170223","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/170223/local_170223.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322711","display_name":"Energimyndigheten","ror":"https://ror.org/0359z7n90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084004388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084004388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26194778","https://openalex.org/W152663305","https://openalex.org/W1495614344","https://openalex.org/W1518120784","https://openalex.org/W1535947768","https://openalex.org/W1561216017","https://openalex.org/W1580793643","https://openalex.org/W1602654171","https://openalex.org/W1833289090","https://openalex.org/W2004420632","https://openalex.org/W2008616853","https://openalex.org/W2023604237","https://openalex.org/W2084865298","https://openalex.org/W2095362784","https://openalex.org/W2106149502","https://openalex.org/W2114564640","https://openalex.org/W2116116873","https://openalex.org/W2129278668","https://openalex.org/W2137312310","https://openalex.org/W2141674768","https://openalex.org/W2155300939","https://openalex.org/W2160216454","https://openalex.org/W2160456562","https://openalex.org/W2168849227","https://openalex.org/W2183914206","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2744879919","https://openalex.org/W2803112185","https://openalex.org/W2936285401","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4300555804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982860012","https://openalex.org/W4289209556","https://openalex.org/W2360215965","https://openalex.org/W2910373838","https://openalex.org/W2009934321","https://openalex.org/W2395107715","https://openalex.org/W2977233439","https://openalex.org/W2038219171","https://openalex.org/W2609981585","https://openalex.org/W4386981963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,18,30,41,146,158],"novel":[4],"method":[5,163],"for":[6,84,127],"the":[7,53,61,65,68,85,89,93,105,108,116,119,122,137,140,143,165,168,182],"simultaneous":[8],"optimization":[9,32,117],"of":[10,17,44,67,110,115,121,139,167,170],"energy":[11,125],"management":[12,126],"and":[13,46,57,73,92,107,131,178,185],"powertrain":[14,79,86],"component":[15,47,62,133,183],"sizing":[16],"parallel":[19],"plug-in":[20],"hybrid":[21],"electric":[22,70,94],"vehicle":[23],"(PHEV).":[24],"The":[25,49,78,113,162],"problem":[26,33],"is":[27,40,118,154],"formulated":[28],"as":[29],"convex":[31],"to":[34,99,104,136,156],"minimize":[35],"an":[36],"objective":[37],"function,":[38],"which":[39],"weighted":[42],"sum":[43],"operational":[45,50],"costs.":[48],"cost":[51,63,66],"includes":[52,64,81],"consumed":[54],"fossil":[55],"fuel":[56],"electrical":[58],"energy,":[59],"whereas":[60],"battery,":[69],"motor":[71,95],"(EM),":[72],"internal":[74],"combustion":[75,90],"engine":[76,91],"(ICE).":[77],"model":[80],"quadratic":[82],"losses":[83,96,109],"components.":[87,112],"Moreover,":[88],"are":[97],"assumed":[98],"linearly":[100],"scale":[101],"with":[102,150],"respect":[103],"size":[106],"baseline":[111],"result":[114,141],"variables":[120],"global":[123],"optimal":[124,132],"every":[128],"time":[129],"instant":[130],"sizes.":[134],"Due":[135],"dependency":[138],"on":[142,181],"driving":[144,160],"cycle,":[145],"long":[147],"real-life":[148],"cycle":[149],"its":[151],"charging":[152],"times":[153],"chosen":[155],"represent":[157],"general":[159],"pattern.":[161],"allows":[164],"study":[166],"effect":[169],"some":[171],"performance":[172],"requirements,":[173],"i.e.,":[174],"acceleration,":[175],"top":[176],"speed,":[177],"all-electric":[179],"range,":[180],"sizes":[184],"total":[186],"cost.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}