{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103480424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","title":"State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles Using Extended Kalman Filtering","display_name":"State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles Using Extended Kalman Filtering","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103480424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","mag":"2103480424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750920","display_name":"Zheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101495237","display_name":"Yuhong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-2391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","General Motors, Inc., Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors, Inc., Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082967965","display_name":"Chris M\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-8953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunting Chris Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.0574,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":439,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99470633,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"3","first_page":"1020","last_page":"1030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.8653980493545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.817868709564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-bench","display_name":"Test bench","score":0.6873191595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6653553247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6569329500198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6004562973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5677697658538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5573630332946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5281795263290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.5009503364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.48901233077049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4849091172218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","score":0.47748327255249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35965245962142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33739709854125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2205222249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09142127633094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07504996657371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07044810056686401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.8653980493545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.817868709564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476482","display_name":"Test bench","level":2,"score":0.6873191595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6653553247451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6569329500198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6004562973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5677697658538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5573630332946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5281795263290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.5009503364562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.48901233077049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4849091172218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.47748327255249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35965245962142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33739709854125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2205222249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09142127633094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07504996657371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07044810056686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2235474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011071053","https://openalex.org/W2012716743","https://openalex.org/W2016771895","https://openalex.org/W2048898091","https://openalex.org/W2049131909","https://openalex.org/W2068919935","https://openalex.org/W2101226854","https://openalex.org/W2101307084","https://openalex.org/W2122987935","https://openalex.org/W2133496267","https://openalex.org/W2140123645","https://openalex.org/W2141111050","https://openalex.org/W2147428031","https://openalex.org/W2150758860","https://openalex.org/W2151473996","https://openalex.org/W2160216454","https://openalex.org/W2166618387","https://openalex.org/W2169947556","https://openalex.org/W2491009754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547988666","https://openalex.org/W1993122764","https://openalex.org/W2140212917","https://openalex.org/W3187858031","https://openalex.org/W2129746134","https://openalex.org/W2134843002","https://openalex.org/W1995049232","https://openalex.org/W2006965721","https://openalex.org/W2168069813","https://openalex.org/W2381133264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,32,73],"more":[1],"accurate":[2],"battery":[3,20,34,94],"state":[4],"of":[5,67,70],"charge":[6],"(SOC)":[7],"estimation":[8],"method":[9,90],"for":[10],"electric":[11],"drive":[12],"vehicles":[13],"is":[14,36,54],"developed":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"a":[18,43,49],"nonlinear":[19,33,44],"model":[21,35,41],"and":[22,48,60,63],"an":[23],"extended":[24],"Kalman":[25],"filter":[26],"(EKF)":[27],"supported":[28],"by":[29,38],"experimental":[30,84],"data.":[31],"constructed":[37],"separating":[39],"the":[40,58,65,81,88,93],"into":[42],"open":[45],"circuit":[46],"voltage":[47],"two-order":[50],"resistance-capacitance":[51],"model.":[52],"EKF":[53],"used":[55],"to":[56,79],"eliminate":[57],"measurement":[59],"process":[61],"noise":[62],"remove":[64],"need":[66],"prior":[68],"knowledge":[69],"initial":[71],"SOC.":[72],"hardware-in-the-loop":[74],"test":[75],"bench":[76],"was":[77],"built":[78],"validate":[80],"method.":[82],"The":[83],"results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"proposed":[89],"can":[91],"estimate":[92],"SOC":[95],"with":[96],"high":[97],"accuracy.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}