{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096848384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","title":"Reducing the Complexity of Quasi-Maximum-Likelihood Detectors Through Companding for Coded MIMO Systems","display_name":"Reducing the Complexity of Quasi-Maximum-Likelihood Detectors Through Companding for Coded MIMO Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096848384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","mag":"2096848384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080875949","display_name":"Xiaoming Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-8723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704890","display_name":"Runmin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runmin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","[School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, ChangSha, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, ChangSha, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033327147","display_name":"AN Jian-pin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianpin An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Sch. of Inf. & Electron. Eng., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Electron. Eng., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771966","display_name":"Xiangming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3128-6219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Sch. of Inf. & Electron. Eng., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Electron. Eng., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065656962","display_name":"Shaohui Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-8833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078714193","display_name":"Yingmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-0336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Telecommunication and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Acad. of Telecommun. Technol., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80091371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"1109","last_page":"1123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/companding","display_name":"Companding","score":0.9493532180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7119572758674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6088452935218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5858038663864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.57864910364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5610546469688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4549625813961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44590508937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37378430366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3586199879646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3417532444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.20713293552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16403672099113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14305073022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11728951334953308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104250799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780765","display_name":"Companding","level":4,"score":0.9493532180786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7119572758674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6088452935218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5858038663864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.57864910364151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5610546469688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4549625813961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44590508937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37378430366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3586199879646301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3417532444000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.20713293552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16403672099113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14305073022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11728951334953308}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2012.2183008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160116885","https://openalex.org/W1542869039","https://openalex.org/W1627545668","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1683834415","https://openalex.org/W1830563054","https://openalex.org/W1934949969","https://openalex.org/W1971562766","https://openalex.org/W1984799445","https://openalex.org/W1999614444","https://openalex.org/W2062378043","https://openalex.org/W2096974994","https://openalex.org/W2100700755","https://openalex.org/W2102774572","https://openalex.org/W2108105526","https://openalex.org/W2108178276","https://openalex.org/W2111924751","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2114373312","https://openalex.org/W2116536782","https://openalex.org/W2118627808","https://openalex.org/W2122989348","https://openalex.org/W2124333656","https://openalex.org/W2125902071","https://openalex.org/W2134042974","https://openalex.org/W2138208223","https://openalex.org/W2140940105","https://openalex.org/W2141247266","https://openalex.org/W2142325131","https://openalex.org/W2147695687","https://openalex.org/W2148907454","https://openalex.org/W2149552878","https://openalex.org/W2151268798","https://openalex.org/W2152797116","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2167709639","https://openalex.org/W2167946977","https://openalex.org/W2536524773","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W4248905411","https://openalex.org/W6632495270","https://openalex.org/W6677356649","https://openalex.org/W6678657805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141622453","https://openalex.org/W4297832041","https://openalex.org/W2034069800","https://openalex.org/W2366114306","https://openalex.org/W3045162464","https://openalex.org/W2804138764","https://openalex.org/W2543714427","https://openalex.org/W2098376548","https://openalex.org/W2065373169","https://openalex.org/W1526007253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"companding-based":[1],"transformation":[2],"method":[3,142],"is":[4,36,78,117],"introduced":[5],"to":[6,37,70],"quasi-maximum-likelihood":[7],"(ML)":[8],"detectors,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"the":[12,32,41,45,60,64,85,91,95,102,114,126,131,140,145,148],"QR-decomposition-based":[13],"M-algorithm":[14],"(QRD-M)":[15],"and":[16,143],"list":[17],"sphere":[18],"decoding,":[19],"for":[20,151],"coded":[21],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[22],"(MIMO)":[23],"systems":[24],"in":[25,119],"this":[26,120],"paper.":[27,121],"The":[28],"key":[29],"idea":[30],"of":[31,44,63,84,101,147],"proposed":[33,92,132],"companding":[34,93,133],"technique":[35],"compress":[38],"(i.e.,":[39],"down-weight)":[40],"dubious":[42],"observation":[43],"accumulated":[46],"branch":[47],"metric":[48],"by":[49],"taking":[50],"into":[51],"account":[52],"its":[53],"statistical":[54],"characteristics":[55],"so":[56],"that,":[57],"after":[58],"companding,":[59],"estimation":[61,76],"error":[62,77],"unreliable":[65],"detected":[66,103],"information":[67,87,104],"bits":[68,105],"due":[69],"insufficient":[71],"candidate":[72],"size":[73],"and/or":[74],"channel":[75],"significantly":[79],"mitigated":[80],"without":[81],"disproportionate":[82],"compromise":[83],"reliable":[86],"bits.":[88],"By":[89],"employing":[90],"method,":[94],"original":[96],"leptokurtically":[97],"distributed":[98],"log-likelihood":[99],"ratio":[100],"becomes":[106],"more":[107],"Gaussian":[108],"distributed.":[109],"As":[110],"an":[111],"illustrative":[112],"example,":[113],"QRD-M":[115,127],"detector":[116,128,150],"employed":[118],"Numerical":[122],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"based":[129],"on":[130],"paradigm":[134],"achieves":[135],"significant":[136],"performance":[137,146],"gain":[138],"over":[139],"conventional":[141],"approaches":[144],"ML":[149],"a":[152],"16-ary":[153],"quadrature-amplitude-modulated":[154],"(16-QAM)$\\hbox{4}":[155],"\\times":[156],"\\hbox{4}$MIMO":[157],"multiplexing":[158],"system":[159],"with":[160],"lower-than-linear-detector":[161],"computational":[162],"complexity.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}