{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066761946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","title":"Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Waveforms Using Embedded Pilots in the Presence of Impairments","display_name":"Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Waveforms Using Embedded Pilots in the Presence of Impairments","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066761946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","mag":"2066761946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069373544","display_name":"Arash Zahedi-Ghasabeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Zahedi-Ghasabeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASSIA, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA","ASSIA Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASSIA, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASSIA Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079776819","display_name":"A. Tarighat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296127346","display_name":"Broadcom (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsrac29","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296127346","https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Tarighat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","Broadcom Corporation, Irvine CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation, Irvine CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296127346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001218651","display_name":"Babak Daneshrad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Daneshrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Dept., of Electr. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept., of Electr. Eng., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95437906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"1208","last_page":"1221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.8576613664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.7498067617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.67305988073349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclostationary-process","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","score":0.6470721960067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5332968235015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5319075584411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5174666047096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.45981842279434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.45786741375923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.43456512689590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.425750732421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4108467698097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38485029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2445794939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09368181228637695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.8576613664627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.7498067617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.67305988073349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178351263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3922399","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","level":3,"score":0.6470721960067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5332968235015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5319075584411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5174666047096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.45981842279434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.45786741375923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.43456512689590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.425750732421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4108467698097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38485029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2445794939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09368181228637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2181435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964474545","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2019454257","https://openalex.org/W2025784443","https://openalex.org/W2050560566","https://openalex.org/W2051197024","https://openalex.org/W2063707553","https://openalex.org/W2072565444","https://openalex.org/W2089284188","https://openalex.org/W2096720285","https://openalex.org/W2097466660","https://openalex.org/W2106172626","https://openalex.org/W2113749736","https://openalex.org/W2122421777","https://openalex.org/W2122742099","https://openalex.org/W2124590431","https://openalex.org/W2149309747","https://openalex.org/W2150817728","https://openalex.org/W2151352567","https://openalex.org/W2151946103","https://openalex.org/W2155145917","https://openalex.org/W2155207829","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W2171143296","https://openalex.org/W2172139273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525607743","https://openalex.org/W2172130312","https://openalex.org/W2126558613","https://openalex.org/W2032782454","https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2110234499","https://openalex.org/W2540911486","https://openalex.org/W3175192043","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W3147831239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,28,39,53,68,73,94,114,122,126,136,157,195,205],"widespread":[2],"deployment":[3],"of":[4,14,18,27,31,55,96,116,125,138,163,204],"orthogonal":[5],"frequency-division":[6],"multiplexing":[7],"(OFDM)-based":[8],"wireless":[9],"systems,":[10],"reliable":[11],"spectrum":[12],"sensing":[13],"OFDM":[15,32,85],"waveforms":[16],"is":[17,161],"great":[19],"interest":[20],"for":[21,132,185],"future":[22],"cognitive":[23],"radio":[24],"systems.":[25],"Use":[26],"embedded":[29],"pilots":[30,47],"signals":[33,86],"has":[34,62],"been":[35,64],"extensively":[36],"studied":[37,66],"in":[38,57,67,135,171],"literature.":[40,69],"Such":[41],"techniques":[42],"rely":[43],"on":[44,111,121],"having":[45],"correlated":[46],"to":[48,83,112,183],"improve":[49],"detection":[50,76,98],"sensitivity.":[51],"However,":[52],"impact":[54,115],"synchronization":[56],"accuracy":[58],"and":[59,147,190],"implementation":[60],"impairments":[61],"not":[63],"thoroughly":[65],"This":[70,108],"paper":[71,109],"discusses":[72],"pilot-aided":[74],"cyclostationary":[75],"(PACSD)":[77],"method":[78,99],"as":[79],"a":[80,97,166,172,179],"practical":[81],"structure":[82,182],"detect":[84],"under":[87],"asynchronous":[88],"conditions.":[89],"The":[90],"presented":[91],"analysis":[92],"quantifies":[93],"performance":[95,124,133,174],"without":[100],"exhaustive":[101],"searching,":[102],"compared":[103],"with":[104],"an":[105],"ideal":[106,206],"system.":[107],"goes":[110],"investigate":[113],"radio-frequency":[117],"(RF)":[118],"front-end":[119],"nonidealities":[120],"overall":[123],"PACSD.":[127],"We":[128,176],"develop":[129],"closed-form":[130],"expressions":[131],"loss":[134],"presence":[137],"in-phase/quadrature":[139],"(I/Q)":[140],"imbalance,":[141],"carrier":[142],"frequency":[143,150],"offset,":[144],"phase":[145],"noise,":[146],"sampling":[148],"clock":[149],"offset":[151,168],"(SCFO).":[152],"These":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155,192],"that":[156,162],"most":[158],"detrimental":[159],"impairment":[160],"SCFO,":[164],"where":[165],"20-ppm":[167],"can":[169,199],"result":[170],"9-dB":[173],"loss.":[175,188],"then":[177],"present":[178],"modified":[180,196],"detector":[181],"compensate":[184],"this":[186],"huge":[187],"Analysis":[189],"simulation":[191],"that,":[193],"using":[194],"technique,":[197],"we":[198],"get":[200],"within":[201],"2":[202],"dB":[203],"no-offset":[207],"case.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}