{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005646451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","title":"A Current Equalization Method for Serially Connected Battery Cells Using a Single Power Converter for Each Cell","display_name":"A Current Equalization Method for Serially Connected Battery Cells Using a Single Power Converter for Each Cell","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005646451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","mag":"2005646451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041912512","display_name":"Markus Einhorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Markus Einhorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055652088","display_name":"Wolfgang Guertlschmid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138451","display_name":"Elektrobit (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/0405v6d59","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Guertlschmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050745423","display_name":"Thomas Blochberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138451","display_name":"Elektrobit (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/0405v6d59","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Blochberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028107503","display_name":"Rupert Kumpusch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138451","display_name":"Elektrobit (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/0405v6d59","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupert Kumpusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-moove GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006442992","display_name":"Robert Permann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Permann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059226119","display_name":"Fiorentino Valerio Conte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiorentino Valerio Conte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111900063","display_name":"Christian Kral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Kral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Department Electric Drive Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-moove gmbh, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058689847","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Fleig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-6717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juergen Fleig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","Inst. of Chem. Technol. & Analytics, Vienna Univ. of Technol., Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Chem. Technol. & Analytics, Vienna Univ. of Technol., Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041912512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5695,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99311927,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"9","first_page":"4227","last_page":"4237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.8503146767616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.7959645986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.7000614404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.6270076036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5450196862220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trickle-charging","display_name":"Trickle charging","score":0.5319920778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5149806141853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5021872520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49014219641685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3717600703239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3615855574607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06438228487968445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.8503146767616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.7959645986557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.7000614404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6270076036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5450196862220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31419778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350726","display_name":"Trickle charging","level":4,"score":0.5319920778274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5149806141853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5021872520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49014219641685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3717600703239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3615855574607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06438228487968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2168988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118381450","https://openalex.org/W598417063","https://openalex.org/W1833874063","https://openalex.org/W1899340529","https://openalex.org/W1928176863","https://openalex.org/W1976543683","https://openalex.org/W1979716586","https://openalex.org/W1985013794","https://openalex.org/W1991695898","https://openalex.org/W2006784835","https://openalex.org/W2027942699","https://openalex.org/W2057127412","https://openalex.org/W2097806687","https://openalex.org/W2098704976","https://openalex.org/W2102041088","https://openalex.org/W2122701106","https://openalex.org/W2125041355","https://openalex.org/W2128956975","https://openalex.org/W2131566590","https://openalex.org/W2132659369","https://openalex.org/W2136669340","https://openalex.org/W2146363055","https://openalex.org/W2147742158","https://openalex.org/W2147826535","https://openalex.org/W2150740444","https://openalex.org/W2152653803","https://openalex.org/W2161820804","https://openalex.org/W2164796614","https://openalex.org/W2218974665","https://openalex.org/W2294643897","https://openalex.org/W2340737601","https://openalex.org/W2530109096","https://openalex.org/W2803962325","https://openalex.org/W2804858471","https://openalex.org/W2936597696","https://openalex.org/W3101620341","https://openalex.org/W3203748497","https://openalex.org/W4231684052","https://openalex.org/W6679357742","https://openalex.org/W6751984338","https://openalex.org/W6752043260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982160889","https://openalex.org/W3204091989","https://openalex.org/W2375585099","https://openalex.org/W2364134624","https://openalex.org/W2389627309","https://openalex.org/W2591757880","https://openalex.org/W2373380277","https://openalex.org/W926069273","https://openalex.org/W4385625846","https://openalex.org/W1833874063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,30,38,96,126],"method":[4],"to":[5,20,115,121],"control":[6],"the":[7,27,68,76,86,89,117,123,136,139,143,147,151],"current":[8,110],"of":[9,29,88,138],"each":[10,21],"battery":[11,17,31,42,49,63,69,128,148],"cell":[12,22,91],"in":[13,75,146],"serially":[15,132],"connected":[16,56,133],"stack":[18,32,70,129,149],"according":[19],"capacity.":[23],"With":[24],"this":[25],"method,":[26],"performance":[28,124],"can":[33,54,71],"be":[34,55,73],"increased":[35],"significantly.":[36],"In":[37],"second":[39],"life":[40],"concept,":[41],"cells":[43,50,64],"with":[44,51,130],"different":[45,52,100],"capacities":[46],"and":[47,85,95,105,120,142],"even":[48],"chemistries":[53],"together.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"if":[59],"one":[60],"or":[61],"more":[62],"become":[65],"inoperative,":[66],"then":[67],"still":[72],"used":[74,114],"limp-home":[77],"operation":[78],"mode.":[79],"The":[80],"required":[81],"power":[82,101],"converter":[83],"structure":[84],"calculation":[87],"individual":[90],"currents":[92,141],"are":[93,154],"presented,":[94],"simulation":[97,118],"for":[98],"two":[99],"converters":[102],"during":[103],"discharging":[104,152],"charging":[106],"is":[107,113],"performed.":[108],"A":[109],"equalization":[111,140],"prototype":[112],"validate":[116],"results":[119],"show":[122],"on":[125,150],"real":[127],"12":[131],"cells.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"influence":[137],"capacity":[144],"variance":[145],"energy":[153],"investigated.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
