{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099582465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","title":"Effect of Directional Antenna on the Doppler Spectrum in 3-D Mobile Radio Propagation Environment","display_name":"Effect of Directional Antenna on the Doppler Spectrum in 3-D Mobile Radio Propagation Environment","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099582465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","mag":"2099582465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034970020","display_name":"Syed Junaid Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5448-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23805111","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Jinnah University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xx4jg88","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Junaid Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACME Center of Research in Wireless Communications, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan","ACME Center of Res. in Wireless Commun., Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACME Center of Research in Wireless Communications, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACME Center of Res. in Wireless Commun., Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030092005","display_name":"Noor M. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-3790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23805111","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Jinnah University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xx4jg88","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor M. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACME Center of Research in Wireless Communications, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan","ACME Center of Res. in Wireless Commun., Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACME Center of Research in Wireless Communications, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACME Center of Res. in Wireless Commun., Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23805111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054722867","display_name":"Mohammad Patwary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad N. Patwary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","Fac. of Comput., Eng., & Technol., Staffordshire Univ., Stafford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput., Eng., & Technol., Staffordshire Univ., Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087019252","display_name":"M. Moniri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-0692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Moniri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","Fac. of Comput., Eng., & Technol., Staffordshire Univ., Stafford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Technology, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput., Eng., & Technol., Staffordshire Univ., Stafford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82915239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"7","first_page":"2895","last_page":"2903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.8926535844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.7069040536880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.658210277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5616452097892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-height-considerations","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","score":0.5492380857467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5349760055541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5143893361091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5046113729476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-gain","display_name":"Antenna gain","score":0.4590541124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.43787747621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.3055971562862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27557408809661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26637089252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-aperture","display_name":"Antenna aperture","score":0.2641026973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2634156346321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.8926535844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.7069040536880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.658210277557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5616452097892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155050386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068623","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","level":3,"score":0.5492380857467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5349760055541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5143893361091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5046113729476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.4590541124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.43787747621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.3055971562862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27557408809661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26637089252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137705275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571946","display_name":"Antenna aperture","level":4,"score":0.2641026973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2634156346321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2161788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527373637","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1965427879","https://openalex.org/W1970960245","https://openalex.org/W1977411026","https://openalex.org/W2006394789","https://openalex.org/W2034288195","https://openalex.org/W2104668009","https://openalex.org/W2113616722","https://openalex.org/W2127902946","https://openalex.org/W2134252536","https://openalex.org/W2144878551","https://openalex.org/W2146312851","https://openalex.org/W2146318236","https://openalex.org/W2149530998","https://openalex.org/W2155526245","https://openalex.org/W2156279295","https://openalex.org/W2159801046","https://openalex.org/W2160002601","https://openalex.org/W2164521751","https://openalex.org/W2165663550","https://openalex.org/W2295924695","https://openalex.org/W4252183610","https://openalex.org/W6631573071","https://openalex.org/W6681530575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098894484","https://openalex.org/W3193375301","https://openalex.org/W2286046235","https://openalex.org/W2110807386","https://openalex.org/W1845554112","https://openalex.org/W2511540550","https://openalex.org/W3168073212","https://openalex.org/W2600148814","https://openalex.org/W2099582465","https://openalex.org/W2115960009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3,216],"analytical":[4],"model":[5],"is":[6,141,161,185],"proposed":[7],"for":[8,68,87,144,189],"a":[9,38,169,176,190],"macrocellular":[10],"communication":[11],"system":[12],"with":[13,109,175,215],"directional":[14,170,195],"antennas":[15,32],"at":[16,172],"elevated":[17],"base":[18],"station":[19,52],"(BS)":[20],"to":[21,165,201],"quantify":[22],"the":[23,28,34,58,62,104,110,114,119,123,126,130,134,147,152,157,166,173,181,197,202,205,210,223],"effect":[24,115],"of":[25,27,45,50,61,74,92,95,116,118,125,133,146,156,168,194,212],"directivity":[26,117],"radiated":[29],"waves":[30],"from":[31,222],"on":[33,57,129],"Doppler":[35,64,80,99,136,158,213],"spectrum":[36],"in":[37,149,154,204,209,218],"3-D":[39],"radio":[40],"propagation":[41,75],"environment.":[42],"The":[43],"impacts":[44],"antenna":[46,120,171],"beamwidth":[47,121],"and":[48,79,89,98,122],"motion":[49,128,145],"mobile":[51],"(MS)":[53],"are":[54,82,101,138],"thoroughly":[55],"investigated":[56],"statistical":[59],"distribution":[60,131,155],"power":[63,135],"spectrum.":[65],"Closed-form":[66],"expressions":[67,86],"trivariate":[69],"probability":[70],"density":[71],"functions":[72],"(pdfs)":[73],"path":[76],"distance,":[77],"power,":[78,97],"shift":[81,100,159,214],"derived.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"general":[85],"joint":[88],"marginal":[90],"pdfs":[91],"elevation":[93,206],"angle":[94],"arrival,":[96],"established.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"obtained":[105],"theoretical":[106],"results,":[107],"along":[108],"observations":[111],"that":[112,143],"illustrate":[113],"direction":[124],"MS's":[127],"characteristics":[132],"spectrum,":[137],"presented.":[139],"It":[140,184],"established":[142],"MS":[148],"all":[150],"directions,":[151],"spread":[153],"observed":[160,187],"significantly":[162],"reduced":[163],"due":[164],"use":[167],"BS":[174],"narrow":[177],"beam":[178,193],"directed":[179],"toward":[180],"desired":[182],"user.":[183],"also":[186],"that,":[188],"sharp":[191],"azimuthal":[192],"antenna,":[196],"multipath":[198],"components":[199],"corresponding":[200],"scatterers":[203],"plane":[207],"result":[208],"reduction":[211],"increase":[217],"their":[219],"vertical":[220],"distance":[221],"MS.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
