{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103304757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","title":"Trajectory Optimization for the Engine\u2013Generator Operation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle","display_name":"Trajectory Optimization for the Engine\u2013Generator Operation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103304757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","mag":"2103304757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016926324","display_name":"Carlos E. Nino-Baron","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299951241","display_name":"Caterpillar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhm7e49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299951241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Nino-Baron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Components and Systems Division, Caterpillar, Inc., Peoria, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Components and Systems Division, Caterpillar, Inc., Peoria, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299951241"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002324303","display_name":"Abdul Rehman Tariq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rehman Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034385466","display_name":"Guoming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058509222","display_name":"Elias G. Strangas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-0971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias G. Strangas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016926324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299951241","https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97316815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"6","first_page":"2438","last_page":"2447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.695071280002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.6229090094566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5469756722450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-generator","display_name":"Electric generator","score":0.5241968035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5241544246673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5216141939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5198546051979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.49666982889175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4827658236026764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-machine","display_name":"Electric machine","score":0.46667563915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-vehicle","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","score":0.43889111280441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.42513319849967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4191089868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.41860151290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4137417674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2874630093574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20594218373298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1123054027557373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.695071280002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.6229090094566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5469756722450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133118237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131502","display_name":"Electric generator","level":3,"score":0.5241968035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5241544246673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5216141939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5198546051979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.49666982889175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4827658236026764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951504","display_name":"Electric machine","level":3,"score":0.46667563915252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516807790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193075","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","level":3,"score":0.43889111280441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.42513319849967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4191089868545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.41860151290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4137417674064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2874630093574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20594218373298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1123054027557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2141695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574514837","https://openalex.org/W2036897418","https://openalex.org/W2059173545","https://openalex.org/W2112186706","https://openalex.org/W2113390555","https://openalex.org/W2119208341","https://openalex.org/W2120156592","https://openalex.org/W2126791025","https://openalex.org/W2140276305","https://openalex.org/W2140736972","https://openalex.org/W2158597222","https://openalex.org/W2159885714","https://openalex.org/W2166754651","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233003078","https://openalex.org/W2804388583","https://openalex.org/W107508297","https://openalex.org/W2177136617","https://openalex.org/W4322579495","https://openalex.org/W2035006087","https://openalex.org/W2278957839","https://openalex.org/W2268608169","https://openalex.org/W2381154517","https://openalex.org/W2905909936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,37],"paper":[1,38],"presents":[2],"a":[3,18,50,56],"methodology":[4],"of":[5,17,44,53,59,86],"calculating":[6],"the":[7,14,27,34,45,69,76,87,109],"optimal":[8,41],"torque":[9,70],"and":[10,71,105],"speed":[11,72],"commands":[12],"for":[13,75,92],"engine-generator":[15,28,46,77],"system":[16],"series":[19,25],"hybrid":[20],"electric":[21],"vehicle":[22],"(HEV).":[23],"In":[24],"HEVs,":[26],"subsystem":[29,47,78],"provides":[30],"electrical":[31],"energy":[32,54,112],"to":[33,48],"dc":[35],"link.":[36],"proposes":[39],"an":[40],"control":[42,97,103],"strategy":[43,98],"generate":[49],"desired":[51],"amount":[52],"within":[55],"given":[57],"period":[58],"time.":[60],"The":[61,95],"optimization":[62],"algorithm,":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"trajectory":[66],"optimization,":[67],"determines":[68],"reference":[73],"signals":[74],"that":[79],"achieve":[80],"maximum":[81],"efficiency.":[82,113],"A":[83],"simplified":[84],"version":[85],"controller":[88],"is":[89,99],"also":[90],"presented":[91],"online":[93],"implementation.":[94],"proposed":[96],"compared":[100],"with":[101],"nonoptimized":[102],"techniques,":[104],"simulation":[106],"results":[107],"show":[108],"improvements":[110],"in":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}