{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167655064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","title":"Design and Analysis of an Electrical Variable Transmission for a Series\u2013Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle","display_name":"Design and Analysis of an Electrical Variable Transmission for a Series\u2013Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167655064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","mag":"2167655064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379206","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-6664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084564634","display_name":"Futang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Futang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019254820","display_name":"Minmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-1935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819919","display_name":"Yi Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-4033"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Automotive Electronic Systems Company Limited, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Automotive Electronic Systems Company Limited, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045085749","display_name":"Chengliang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-9384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056009561","display_name":"Huei Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-1696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huei Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9813245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"2354","last_page":"2363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-cycle","display_name":"Driving cycle","score":0.6688699126243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.6439096331596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","score":0.6376250982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuously-variable-transmission","display_name":"Continuously variable transmission","score":0.6156702041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5815001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5727442502975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-machine","display_name":"Electric machine","score":0.5078423619270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4880999028682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-vehicle","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","score":0.4506226181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutch","display_name":"Clutch","score":0.43411147594451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.41233256459236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.36857858300209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36701059341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23823055624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22591987252235413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169042556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246150","display_name":"Driving cycle","level":4,"score":0.6688699126243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.6439096331596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.6376250982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193235527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863787","display_name":"Continuously variable transmission","level":3,"score":0.6156702041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5815001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5727442502975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951504","display_name":"Electric machine","level":3,"score":0.5078423619270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4880999028682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516807790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193075","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4506226181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30358287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194302","display_name":"Clutch","level":2,"score":0.43411147594451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.41233256459236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.36857858300209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36701059341430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23823055624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22591987252235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2011.2134876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520446094","https://openalex.org/W1543709466","https://openalex.org/W1555307114","https://openalex.org/W1577908840","https://openalex.org/W1592584908","https://openalex.org/W1968209099","https://openalex.org/W1982381627","https://openalex.org/W1994477874","https://openalex.org/W2037303017","https://openalex.org/W2078474519","https://openalex.org/W2132620443","https://openalex.org/W2140316189","https://openalex.org/W2140566117","https://openalex.org/W2142653678","https://openalex.org/W2276177793","https://openalex.org/W4229515943","https://openalex.org/W6635389195","https://openalex.org/W6694617400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2179955997","https://openalex.org/W145580510","https://openalex.org/W2377750059","https://openalex.org/W2566473692","https://openalex.org/W1994028941","https://openalex.org/W3094635908","https://openalex.org/W3167917185","https://openalex.org/W2919298545","https://openalex.org/W3208072071","https://openalex.org/W2905909936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,45,50,54,64,95,102,112,116,135,146,155,161,170,175,179,192],"mathematical":[4],"modeling,":[5],"analysis,":[6],"and":[7,40,70,89,97,131,202],"simulation":[8],"results":[9],"of":[10,49,58,115,139,145,160,172,178,198],"a":[11,18,28,123],"novel":[12],"electrical":[13],"variable":[14],"transmission":[15],"(EVT)":[16],"for":[17,94],"series\u2013parallel":[19],"hybrid":[20],"electric":[21,42,98,147,180],"vehicle":[22],"(SPHEV).":[23],"The":[24,47,80,142],"proposed":[25,65,117],"EVT":[26,66],"uses":[27,127],"two-degree-of-freedom":[29],"(2-DOF)":[30],"planetary":[31,51,129],"gearset":[32,52],"with":[33,44,188],"four":[34],"clutches":[35,83,162],"to":[36,151,184],"combine":[37],"an":[38],"engine":[39,96],"two":[41,128],"machines":[43,148,181],"vehicle.":[46],"topology":[48],"is":[53,119,149,182],"same":[55],"as":[56],"that":[57,111,189],"conventional":[59],"four-speed":[60],"automatic":[61],"transmissions.":[62],"Therefore,":[63],"can":[67,77],"be":[68,78,152,185],"mass-produced":[69],"quite":[71],"easily":[72],"packaged.":[73],"Nine":[74],"operation":[75,165],"modes":[76],"realized.":[79],"properly":[81],"arranged":[82],"more":[84],"flexibly":[85],"transmit":[86],"power":[87],"flow":[88],"avoid":[90],"high":[91],"spin":[92],"losses":[93],"machines.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"under":[101],"New":[103],"European":[104],"Driving":[105],"Cycle":[106],"(NEDC)":[107],"drive":[108],"cycle":[109,144],"shows":[110],"fuel":[113,136],"consumption":[114],"SPHEV":[118],"5.62%":[120],"lower":[121],"than":[122],"benchmark":[124,193],"vehicle,":[125,194],"which":[126,195],"gearsets":[130],"no":[132],"clutches,":[133],"indicating":[134],"economy":[137],"potential":[138],"this":[140],"concept.":[141],"life":[143],"expected":[150],"extended,":[153],"because":[154],"open":[156],"or":[157],"locked":[158],"operations":[159],"allow":[163],"efficient":[164],"and,":[166],"thus,":[167],"might":[168],"reduce":[169],"chance":[171],"overheating.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"speed":[176],"range":[177],"found":[183],"smaller,":[186],"compared":[187],"used":[190],"in":[191],"implies":[196],"ease":[197],"manufacture,":[199],"good":[200],"sustainability,":[201],"low":[203],"cost.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
