{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156530496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","title":"An Enhanced Background Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic Scenes","display_name":"An Enhanced Background Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic Scenes","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156530496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","mag":"2156530496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110847818","display_name":"Manuel Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9499-3978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108487674","display_name":"Jose Manuel Milla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Manuel Milla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Systems Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003625612","display_name":"S. L. Toral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio L. Toral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063465432","display_name":"Federico Barrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79238269","display_name":"Universidad de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxnpp24","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Barrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110847818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79238269"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98654933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"8","first_page":"3694","last_page":"3709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8743938207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6347441077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6021147966384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5856659412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47185561060905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4695124328136444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4148055613040924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8743938207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6347441077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6021147966384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5856659412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47185561060905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4695124328136444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4148055613040924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2058134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50432363","https://openalex.org/W174932778","https://openalex.org/W224526662","https://openalex.org/W1499877760","https://openalex.org/W1521365818","https://openalex.org/W1523991265","https://openalex.org/W1533698355","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1994304612","https://openalex.org/W2000668593","https://openalex.org/W2003534531","https://openalex.org/W2027945172","https://openalex.org/W2028469926","https://openalex.org/W2028797628","https://openalex.org/W2032279931","https://openalex.org/W2070177605","https://openalex.org/W2083978531","https://openalex.org/W2084885787","https://openalex.org/W2096309046","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2104733578","https://openalex.org/W2106217004","https://openalex.org/W2111794548","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2112445825","https://openalex.org/W2114701396","https://openalex.org/W2115213191","https://openalex.org/W2121274305","https://openalex.org/W2122423951","https://openalex.org/W2130099717","https://openalex.org/W2132576733","https://openalex.org/W2135388176","https://openalex.org/W2137479423","https://openalex.org/W2140235142","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2145517081","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2154438614","https://openalex.org/W2157677694","https://openalex.org/W2157840858","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W2160510830","https://openalex.org/W2163330161","https://openalex.org/W2167152210","https://openalex.org/W2168813398","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2616634900","https://openalex.org/W3150799985","https://openalex.org/W3157685993","https://openalex.org/W4255477085","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602016701","https://openalex.org/W6608861988","https://openalex.org/W6629695367","https://openalex.org/W6648923259","https://openalex.org/W6675965542","https://openalex.org/W6676031377","https://openalex.org/W6677088590","https://openalex.org/W6684535116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2554449009","https://openalex.org/W2034462085","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W2740820121","https://openalex.org/W2141888456","https://openalex.org/W3096301266","https://openalex.org/W1643724255","https://openalex.org/W2542932817","https://openalex.org/W2736052683","https://openalex.org/W2100291266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,106],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,28,93,100,111,124],"new":[4],"background":[5,40,96],"subtraction":[6],"algorithm":[7,26,89],"based":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,39,68,87,117,134,137],"sigma-delta":[11,25],"filter,":[12],"which":[13],"is":[14,27,50],"intended":[15],"to":[16,33,66,81,91],"be":[17],"used":[18],"in":[19,44,110],"urban":[20,46,130],"traffic":[21,131],"scenes.":[22],"The":[23],"original":[24],"very":[29],"interesting":[30],"alternative":[31],"due":[32],"its":[34],"high":[35],"computational":[36,85],"efficiency.":[37],"However,":[38],"model":[41,97],"quickly":[42],"degrades":[43],"complex":[45],"scenes":[47],"because":[48],"it":[49],"easily":[51],"\u201ccontaminated\u201d":[52],"by":[53,98],"slow-moving":[54],"or":[55,79],"temporarily":[56],"stopped":[57],"vehicles.":[58],"Then,":[59],"subsequent":[60,76],"foreground":[61,69],"validation":[62],"steps":[63,78],"are":[64],"needed":[65],"refine":[67],"detection":[70],"mask.":[71],"Instead":[72],"of":[73,136],"requiring":[74],"any":[75],"processing":[77],"resorting":[80],"algorithms":[82],"with":[83],"higher":[84],"cost,":[86],"proposed":[88,138],"tries":[90],"achieve":[92],"more":[94],"stable":[95],"introducing":[99],"confidence":[101,107],"measurement":[102,108],"for":[103],"each":[104],"pixel.":[105],"assists":[109],"selective":[112],"background-model":[113],"updating":[114],"mechanism":[115],"at":[116],"pixel":[118],"level.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"comparative":[121],"tests":[122],"and":[123],"quantitative":[125],"performance":[126],"evaluation":[127],"over":[128],"typical":[129],"sequences":[132],"corroborate":[133],"benefits":[135],"algorithm.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
